Nehemiah 1NIV
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Nehemiah1

New International Version

1The words of Nehemiah son of Hakaliah: In the month of Kislev in the twentieth year, while I was in the citadel of Susa,

2Hanani, one of my brothers, came from Judah with some other men, and I questioned them about the Jewish remnant that had survived the exile, and also about Jerusalem.

3They said to me, “Those who survived the exile and are back in the province are in great trouble and disgrace. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire.”

4When I heard these things, I sat down and wept. For some days I mourned and fasted and prayed before the God of heaven.

5Then I said: “Lord, the God of heaven, the great and awesome God, who keeps his covenant of love with those who love him and keep his commandments,

6let your ear be attentive and your eyes open to hear the prayer your servant is praying before you day and night for your servants, the people of Israel. I confess the sins we Israelites, including myself and my father’s family, have committed against you.

7We have acted very wickedly toward you. We have not obeyed the commands, decrees and laws you gave your servant Moses.

8“Remember the instruction you gave your servant Moses, saying, ‘If you are unfaithful, I will scatter you among the nations,

9but if you return to me and obey my commands, then even if your exiled people are at the farthest horizon, I will gather them from there and bring them to the place I have chosen as a dwelling for my Name.’

10“They are your servants and your people, whom you redeemed by your great strength and your mighty hand.

11Lord, let your ear be attentive to the prayer of this your servant and to the prayer of your servants who delight in revering your name. Give your servant success today by granting him favor in the presence of this man.” I was cupbearer to the king.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nehemiah's distress for the misery of Jerusalem, His prayer. (1-11).

vv1-11

Nehemiah was the Persian king's cup-bearer. When God has work to do, he will never want instruments to do it with. Nehemiah lived at ease, and in honour, but does not forget that he is an Israelite, and that his brethren are in distress. He was ready to do them all the good offices he could; and that he might know how best to do them a kindness, he makes inquiries about them. We should inquire especially concerning the state of the church and religion. Every Jerusalem on this side the heavenly one will have some defect, which will require the help and services of its friends. Nehemiah's first application was to God, that he might have the fuller confidence in his application to the king. Our best pleas in prayer are taken from the promise of God, the word on which he has caused us to hope. Other means must be used, but the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man avails most. Communion with God will best prepare us for our dealings with men. When we have intrusted our concerns to God, the mind is set at liberty; it feels satisfaction and composure, and difficulties vanish. We know that if the affair be hurtful, he can easily hinder it; and if it be good for us, he can as easily forward it.

Cross References

Nehemiah 1

Direct verbal echo of the promise to gather the scattered from the uttermost parts.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Nehemiah 2:1thematic

Connects the twentieth year and the king's cupbearer role directly to the following chapter.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Daniel 9:4-19thematic

Striking parallel in confession, covenant language, and appeal to God's great and terrible nature.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The foundational covenant warning of scattering among the nations for transgressions referenced by Nehemiah.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Nehemiah 7:2thematic

Identifies Hanani as Nehemiah's brother, confirming his identity and familial connection.

Supported by JFB

v4Daniel 9:3thematic

Establishes a model of mourning, fasting, and praying before God concerning Jerusalem's desolation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Alludes to God choosing a specific physical place to set His name there.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Deuteronomy 7:9allusion

The covenant language of God keeping mercy for those who love Him and keep commandments.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v61 Kings 8:28thematic

Echoes Solomon's temple dedication prayer asking God's eyes and ears to be attentive.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Exodus 32:11thematic

Echoes Moses' intercession pleading that Israel is God's people redeemed by His great power.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Daniel 8:2thematic

Confirms Shushan the palace as the royal, strategic fortress location in Persia.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Nehemiah 2:17thematic

Direct sequel where Nehemiah addresses the broken walls and reproach of Jerusalem.

Supported by JFB

v111 Kings 8:50thematic

Solomon's prayer that God would grant His captive people compassion in the sight of men.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v6Ezra 9:6thematic

Parallels Ezra's deep, representative confession of national sin and guilt.

Supported by Matthew Henry