1 Chronicles23
New Living Translation
1When David was an old man, he appointed his son Solomon to be king over Israel.
2David summoned all the leaders of Israel, together with the priests and Levites.
3All the Levites who were thirty years old or older were counted, and the total came to 38,000.
4Then David said, “From all the Levites, 24,000 will supervise the work at the Temple of the Lord. Another 6,000 will serve as officials and judges.
5Another 4,000 will work as gatekeepers, and 4,000 will praise the Lord with the musical instruments I have made.”
6Then David divided the Levites into divisions named after the clans descended from the three sons of Levi—Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
7The Gershonite family units were defined by their lines of descent from Libni and Shimei, the sons of Gershon.
8Three of the descendants of Libni were Jehiel (the family leader), Zetham, and Joel.
9These were the leaders of the family of Libni. Three of the descendants of Shimei were Shelomoth, Haziel, and Haran.
10Four other descendants of Shimei were Jahath, Ziza, Jeush, and Beriah.
11Jahath was the family leader, and Ziza was next. Jeush and Beriah were counted as a single family because neither had many sons.
12Four of the descendants of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
13The sons of Amram were Aaron and Moses. Aaron and his descendants were set apart to dedicate the most holy things, to offer sacrifices in the Lord’s presence, to serve the Lord, and to pronounce blessings in his name forever.
14As for Moses, the man of God, his sons were included with the tribe of Levi.
15The sons of Moses were Gershom and Eliezer.
16The descendants of Gershom included Shebuel, the family leader.
17Eliezer had only one son, Rehabiah, the family leader. Rehabiah had numerous descendants.
18The descendants of Izhar included Shelomith, the family leader.
19The descendants of Hebron included Jeriah (the family leader), Amariah (the second), Jahaziel (the third), and Jekameam (the fourth).
20The descendants of Uzziel included Micah (the family leader) and Isshiah (the second).
21The descendants of Merari included Mahli and Mushi. The sons of Mahli were Eleazar and Kish.
22Eleazar died with no sons, only daughters. His daughters married their cousins, the sons of Kish.
23Three of the descendants of Mushi were Mahli, Eder, and Jerimoth.
24These were the descendants of Levi by clans, the leaders of their family groups, registered carefully by name. Each had to be twenty years old or older to qualify for service in the house of the Lord.
25For David said, “The Lord, the God of Israel, has given us peace, and he will always live in Jerusalem.
26Now the Levites will no longer need to carry the Tabernacle and its furnishings from place to place.”
27In accordance with David’s final instructions, all the Levites twenty years old or older were registered for service.
28The work of the Levites was to assist the priests, the descendants of Aaron, as they served at the house of the Lord. They also took care of the courtyards and side rooms, helped perform the ceremonies of purification, and served in many other ways in the house of God.
29They were in charge of the sacred bread that was set out on the table, the choice flour for the grain offerings, the wafers made without yeast, the cakes cooked in olive oil, and the other mixed breads. They were also responsible to check all the weights and measures.
30And each morning and evening they stood before the Lord to sing songs of thanks and praise to him.
31They assisted with the burnt offerings that were presented to the Lord on Sabbath days, at new moon celebrations, and at all the appointed festivals. The required number of Levites served in the Lord’s presence at all times, following all the procedures they had been given.
32And so, under the supervision of the priests, the Levites watched over the Tabernacle and the Temple and faithfully carried out their duties of service at the house of the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Chronicles 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David declares Solomon his successor. (1–23). The office of the Levites. (24–32).
vv1-23
David, having given charge concerning the building of the temple, settles the method of the temple service, and orders the officers of it. When those of the same family were employed together, it would engage them to love and assist one another.
vv24-32
Now the people of Israel were so many, there should be more employed in the temple service, that every Israelite who brought an offering might find a Levite ready to help him. When more work is to be done, it is pity but there should be more workmen. A new heart, a spiritual mind, which delights greatly in God's commandments, and can find a refreshing feast in his ordinances, forms the great distinction between the true Christian and all other men in the world. To the spiritual man every service will yield satisfaction. He will be ever abounding in the work of the Lord; being never so happy as when employed for such a good Master, in so pleasant a service. He will not regard whether he is called to take the lead, or to keep the charge of others who are placed over him. May we seek and serve the Lord uprightly, and leave all the rest to his disposal, by faith in his word.
Key Words
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
זָקֵן: to be old
שָׂבַע: to sate, i.e. fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
שְׁלֹמֹה: Shelomah, David's successor
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אָסַף: to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
Cross References
1 Chronicles 23The Mosaic standard age of thirty for Levites entering service, here modified under David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms David established the musical instruments by divine commandment through God's prophets.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic allusion identifying David as the historical inventor of musical instruments for praise.
Supported by JFB
The explicit priestly mandate given to Aaron and his descendants to bless the people in God's name.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament fulfillment of the Aaronite priestly duty of burning incense daily before the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the transition from the thirty-year age threshold down to twenty years old.
Supported by JFB
Reflected in Moses' title 'man of God', whose sons were numbered with the common Levites.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the law of inheritance for daughters when there were no male heirs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Original Mosaic assignment of Levites to assist the priests (sons of Aaron) in their work.
Supported by JFB
The Mosaic law regarding the preparation and ordering of the showbread in the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Detailed historical narrative of David making Solomon king at the end of his life.
Supported by JFB
David gathering Israel's leaders to announce royal succession and structural arrangements for worship.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between carrying the tabernacle in the wilderness and its stationary resting place.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Shebuel (or Shubael) as the chief officer over the treasures.
Supported by JFB