2 Samuel8
New Living Translation
1After this, David defeated and subdued the Philistines by conquering Gath, their largest town.
2David also conquered the land of Moab. He made the people lie down on the ground in a row, and he measured them off in groups with a length of rope. He measured off two groups to be executed for every one group to be spared. The Moabites who were spared became David’s subjects and paid him tribute money.
3David also destroyed the forces of Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah, when Hadadezer marched out to strengthen his control along the Euphrates River.
4David captured 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, and 20,000 foot soldiers. He crippled all the chariot horses except enough for 100 chariots.
5When Arameans from Damascus arrived to help King Hadadezer, David killed 22,000 of them.
6Then he placed several army garrisons in Damascus, the Aramean capital, and the Arameans became David’s subjects and paid him tribute money. So the Lord made David victorious wherever he went.
7David brought the gold shields of Hadadezer’s officers to Jerusalem,
8along with a large amount of bronze from Hadadezer’s towns of Tebah and Berothai.
9When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had destroyed the entire army of Hadadezer,
10he sent his son Joram to congratulate King David for his successful campaign. Hadadezer and Toi had been enemies and were often at war. Joram presented David with many gifts of silver, gold, and bronze.
11King David dedicated all these gifts to the Lord, as he did with the silver and gold from the other nations he had defeated—
12from Edom, Moab, Ammon, Philistia, and Amalek—and from Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
13So David became even more famous when he returned from destroying 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt.
14He placed army garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. In fact, the Lord made David victorious wherever he went.
15So David reigned over all Israel and did what was just and right for all his people.
16Joab son of Zeruiah was commander of the army. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the royal historian.
17Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were the priests. Seraiah was the court secretary.
18Benaiah son of Jehoiada was captain of the king’s bodyguard. And David’s sons served as priestly leaders.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 8.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David subdues the Philistines, the Moabites, and the Syrians. (1–8). The spoil dedicated. (9–14). David's government and officers. (15–18).
vv1-8
David subdued the Philistines. They had long been troublesome to Israel. And after the long and frequent struggles the saints have with the powers of darkness, like Israel with the Philistines, the Son of David shall tread them all under foot, and make the saints more than conquerors. He smote the Moabites, and made them tributaries to Israel. Two parts he destroyed, the third part he spared. The line that was to keep alive, though it was but one, is ordered to be a full line. Let the line of mercy be stretched to the utmost. He smote the Syrians. In all these wars David was protected, for this in his psalms he often gives glory to God.
vv9-14
All the precious things David was master of, were dedicated things; they were designed for building the temple. The idols of gold David destroyed, 2Sa 5:21, but the vessels of gold he dedicated. Thus, in the conquest of a soul by the grace of the Son of David, what stands in opposition to God must be destroyed, every lust must be mortified and crucified, but what may glorify him must be dedicated; thus the property of it is altered. God employs his servants in various ways; some, as David, in spiritual battles; others, as Solomon, in spiritual buildings; and one prepares work for the other, that God may have the glory of all.
vv15-18
David neither did wrong, nor denied or delayed right to any. This speaks his close application to business; also his readiness to admit all addresses and appeals made to him. He had no respect of persons in judgment. Herein he was a type of Christ. To Him let us submit, his friendship let us seek, his service let us count our pleasure, diligently attending to the work he assigns to each of us. David made his sons chief rulers; but all believers, Christ's spiritual seed, are better preferred, for they are made kings and priests to our God, Re 1:6.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
נָכָה: to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
פְּלִשְׁתִּי: a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
כָּנַע: properly, to bend the knee; hence, to humiliate, vanquish
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
מֶתֶג הָאַמָּה: Metheg-ha-Ammah, an epithet of Gath
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
מוֹאָב: Moab, an incestuous son of Lot; also his territory and descendants
מָדַד: properly, to stretch; by implication, to measure (as if by stretching a line); figuratively, to be extended
Cross References
2 Samuel 8Fulfilled Balaam's prophecy that a star from Jacob would rise and smite the corners of Moab.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of God's covenant boundary promise to Abraham, extending Israel's territory to the Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel account of David dedicating the silver and gold won from the nations to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Isaac's prophecy that Esau (Edom) would serve his brother Jacob.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Law forbidding seeking Moab's peace, explaining the severity of David's measuring-line judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of David defeating Hadadezer (Hadarezer) king of Zobah near the Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Matches Joshua's practice of hamstringing war horses, adhering to God's prohibition on multiplying horses.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic law prohibiting Israel's king from multiplying horses, explaining why David hamstrung them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Psalm written about these specific campaigns, particularly the military struggle in the Valley of Salt.
Supported by JFB
Details Abishai slaying eighteen thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt.
Supported by JFB
Previous wars against Moab, Ammon, Edom, and the kings of Zobah under Saul.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows how the abundant brass captured from Hadadezer's cities was accumulated for the temple.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Solomon brings the dedicated things of his father David into the completed temple treasury.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophecy of the righteous Branch of David who will execute judgment and justice on earth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel list clarifying the roles of the Cherethites, Pelethites, and David's sons.
Supported by JFB