Jeremiah49
New Living Translation
1This message was given concerning the Ammonites. This is what the Lord says: “Are there no descendants of Israel to inherit the land of Gad? Why are you, who worship Molech, living in its towns?
2In the days to come,” says the Lord, “I will sound the battle cry against your city of Rabbah. It will become a desolate heap of ruins, and the neighboring towns will be burned. Then Israel will take back the land you took from her,” says the Lord.
3“Cry out, O Heshbon, for the town of Ai is destroyed. Weep, O people of Rabbah! Put on your clothes of mourning. Weep and wail, hiding in the hedges, for your god Molech, with his priests and officials, will be hauled off to distant lands.
4You are proud of your fertile valleys, but they will soon be ruined. You trusted in your wealth, you rebellious daughter, and thought no one could ever harm you.
5But look! I will bring terror upon you,” says the Lord, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Your neighbors will chase you from your land, and no one will help your exiles as they flee.
6But I will restore the fortunes of the Ammonites in days to come. I, the Lord, have spoken.”
7This message was given concerning Edom. This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “Is there no wisdom in Teman? Is no one left to give wise counsel?
8Turn and flee! Hide in deep caves, you people of Dedan! For when I bring disaster on Edom, I will punish you, too!
9Those who harvest grapes always leave a few for the poor. If thieves came at night, they would not take everything.
10But I will strip bare the land of Edom, and there will be no place left to hide. Its children, its brothers, and its neighbors will all be destroyed, and Edom itself will be no more.
11But I will protect the orphans who remain among you. Your widows, too, can depend on me for help.”
12And this is what the Lord says: “If the innocent must suffer, how much more must you! You will not go unpunished! You must drink this cup of judgment!
13For I have sworn by my own name,” says the Lord, “that Bozrah will become an object of horror and a heap of ruins; it will be mocked and cursed. All its towns and villages will be desolate forever.”
14I have heard a message from the Lord that an ambassador was sent to the nations to say, “Form a coalition against Edom, and prepare for battle!”
15The Lord says to Edom, “I will cut you down to size among the nations. You will be despised by all.
16You have been deceived by the fear you inspire in others and by your own pride. You live in a rock fortress and control the mountain heights. But even if you make your nest among the peaks with the eagles, I will bring you crashing down,” says the Lord.
17“Edom will be an object of horror. All who pass by will be appalled and will gasp at the destruction they see there.
18It will be like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighboring towns,” says the Lord. “No one will live there; no one will inhabit it.
19I will come like a lion from the thickets of the Jordan, leaping on the sheep in the pasture. I will chase Edom from its land, and I will appoint the leader of my choice. For who is like me, and who can challenge me? What ruler can oppose my will?”
20Listen to the Lord’s plans against Edom and the people of Teman. Even the little children will be dragged off like sheep, and their homes will be destroyed.
21The earth will shake with the noise of Edom’s fall, and its cry of despair will be heard all the way to the Red Sea.
22Look! The enemy swoops down like an eagle, spreading his wings over Bozrah. Even the mightiest warriors will be in anguish like a woman in labor.
23This message was given concerning Damascus. This is what the Lord says: “The towns of Hamath and Arpad are struck with fear, for they have heard the news of their destruction. Their hearts are troubled like a wild sea in a raging storm.
24Damascus has become feeble, and all her people turn to flee. Fear, anguish, and pain have gripped her as they grip a woman in labor.
25That famous city, a city of joy, will be forsaken!
26Her young men will fall in the streets and die. Her soldiers will all be killed,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
27“And I will set fire to the walls of Damascus that will burn up the palaces of Ben-hadad.”
28This message was given concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which were attacked by King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. This is what the Lord says: “Advance against Kedar! Destroy the warriors from the East!
29Their flocks and tents will be captured, and their household goods and camels will be taken away. Everywhere shouts of panic will be heard: ‘We are terrorized at every turn!’
30Run for your lives,” says the Lord. “Hide yourselves in deep caves, you people of Hazor, for King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon has plotted against you and is preparing to destroy you.
31“Go up and attack that complacent nation,” says the Lord. “Its people live alone in the desert without walls or gates.
32Their camels and other livestock will all be yours. I will scatter to the winds these people who live in remote places. I will bring calamity upon them from every direction,” says the Lord.
33“Hazor will be inhabited by jackals, and it will be desolate forever. No one will live there; no one will inhabit it.”
34This message concerning Elam came to the prophet Jeremiah from the Lord at the beginning of the reign of King Zedekiah of Judah.
35This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “I will destroy the archers of Elam— the best of their forces.
36I will bring enemies from all directions, and I will scatter the people of Elam to the four winds. They will be exiled to countries around the world.
37I myself will go with Elam’s enemies to shatter it. In my fierce anger, I will bring great disaster upon the people of Elam,” says the Lord. “Their enemies will chase them with the sword until I have destroyed them completely.
38I will set my throne in Elam,” says the Lord, “and I will destroy its king and officials.
39But I will restore the fortunes of Elam in days to come. I, the Lord, have spoken!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 49.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Prophecies relative to the Ammonites. (1-6). The Edomites. (7-22). The Syrians. (23-27). The Kedarenes. (28-33). The Elamites. (34-39).
vv1-6
Might often prevails against right among men, yet that might shall be controlled by the Almighty, who judges aright; and those will find themselves mistaken, who, like the Ammonites, think every thing their own on which they can lay their hands. The Lord will call men to account for every instance of dishonesty, especially to the destitute.
vv7-22
The Edomites were old enemies to the Israel of God. But their day is now at hand; it is foretold, not only to warn them, but for the sake of the Israel of God, whose afflictions were aggravated by them. Thus Divine judgments go round from nation to nation; the earth is full of commotion, and nothing can escape the ministers of Divine vengeance. The righteousness of God is to be observed amidst the violence of men.
vv23-27
How easily God can dispirit those nations that have been most celebrated for valour! Damascus waxes feeble. It was a city of joy, having all the delights of the sons of men. But those deceive themselves who place their happiness in carnal joys.
Key Words
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אַיִן: a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
יָרַשׁ: to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin
מַדּוּעַ: what (is) known?; i.e. (by implication) (adverbially) why?
מֶלֶךְ: a king
גָּד: Gad, a son of Jacob, including his tribe and its territory; also a prophet
Cross References
Jeremiah 49Parallels Jeremiah's prophecy on Edom, highlighting the loss of Teman's famed wisdom and counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Condemns Ammon for seizing Gilead (Gad) and predicts their king (Melchom) going into captivity.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallel imagery of grape-gatherers and thieves leaving gleanings, contrasted with Edom's utter desolation.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the uncovering and searching out of Esau's hidden treasures.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim verbal parallel regarding the pride of Edom dwelling in the clefts of the rock.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels the warning to Edom about making its nest high as the eagle.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Specifically prophesies the fire and alarm of war against Rabbah, the metropolis of Ammon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel's parallel prophecy of vengeance on Edom, stretching from Teman to Dedan.
Supported by JFB
Nearly identical language describing the conqueror coming like a lion from Jordan's swelling.
Supported by JFB
Amos's parallel judgment on Damascus, forecasting the burning of the palaces of Ben-hadad.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Groups Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites together under the cup of God's fury.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel's prophecy against Ammon for exulting over the desolation of Israel's sanctuary and land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical origin of the Ammonites from Lot's younger daughter, establishing their kinship.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Matches the promise of ultimate restoration of captivity given to Ammon and Moab.
Supported by JFB
Develops the cup of wrath metaphor: if Jerusalem drinks, the pagan nations cannot go unpunished.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel structure promising the return of captivity in the latter days (Ammon and Elam).
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies Teman as a major chief/clan of Edom, descended from Esau.
Supported by JFB
The command to 'dwell deep' is repeated for both Dedan and Hazor.
Supported by JFB
Identical imagery of the conqueror flying like an eagle and spreading wings over Moab/Bozrah.
Supported by JFB
Locates the province of Elam, reinforcing its historical identity and role in subsequent empires.
Supported by Matthew Henry