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Judges 21

Judges21

American Standard Version · Public Domain

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1 Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying, There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife.

2 And the people came to Beth-el, and sat there till even before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore.

3 And they said, O Jehovah, the God of Israel, why is this come to pass in Israel, that there should be to-day one tribe lacking in Israel?

4 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people rose early, and built there an altar, and offered burnt-offerings and peace-offerings.

5 And the children of Israel said, Who is there among all the tribes of Israel that came not up in the assembly unto Jehovah? For they had made a great oath concerning him that came not up unto Jehovah to Mizpah, saying, He shall surely be put to death.

6 And the children of Israel repented them for Benjamin their brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off from Israel this day.

7 How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing we have sworn by Jehovah that we will not give them of our daughters to wives?

8 And they said, What one is there of the tribes of Israel that came not up unto Jehovah to Mizpah? And, behold, there came none to the camp from Jabesh-gilead to the assembly.

9 For when the people were numbered, behold, there were none of the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead there.

10 And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the little ones.

11 And this is the thing that ye shall do: ye shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman that hath lain by man.

12 And they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead four hundred young virgins, that had not known man by lying with him; and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.

13 And the whole congregation sent and spake to the children of Benjamin that were in the rock of Rimmon, and proclaimed peace unto them.

14 And Benjamin returned at that time; and they gave them the women whom they had saved alive of the women of Jabesh-gilead: and yet so they sufficed them not.

15 And the people repented them for Benjamin, because that Jehovah had made a breach in the tribes of Israel.

16 Then the elders of the congregation said, How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing the women are destroyed out of Benjamin?

17 And they said, There must be an inheritance for them that are escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe be not blotted out from Israel.

18 Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters, for the children of Israel had sworn, saying, Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.

19 And they said, Behold, there is a feast of Jehovah from year to year in Shiloh, which is on the north of Beth-el, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Beth-el to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.

20 And they commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards,

21 and see, and, behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then come ye out of the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.

22 And it shall be, when their fathers or their brethren come to complain unto us, that we will say unto them, Grant them graciously unto us, because we took not for each man of them his wife in battle, neither did ye give them unto them, else would ye now be guilty.

23 And the children of Benjamin did so, and took them wives, according to their number, of them that danced, whom they carried off: and they went and returned unto their inheritance, and built the cities, and dwelt in them.

24 And the children of Israel departed thence at that time, every man to his tribe and to his family, and they went out from thence every man to his inheritance.

25 In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes.

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Judges 21

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 21. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Israelites lament for the Benjamites. (1-25).

vv1-25

Israel lamented for the Benjamites, and were perplexed by the oath they had taken, not to give their daughters to them in marriage. Men are more zealous to support their own authority than that of God. They would have acted better if they had repented of their rash oaths, brought sin-offerings, and sought forgiveness in the appointed way, rather than attempt to avoid the guilt of perjury by actions quite as wrong. That men can advise others to acts of treachery or violence, out of a sense of duty, forms a strong proof of the blindness of the human mind when left to itself, and of the fatal effects of a conscience under ignorance and error.

Cross References

Judges 21
v18Judges 21:1thematic

Direct parallel showing the vow they swore at Mizpah not to marry their daughters to Benjamin.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41 Kings 8:64thematic

Parallels building an additional altar due to the immense volume of offerings required.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Leviticus 27:29thematic

The Mosaic law regarding devoted things and persons that must surely be put to death.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Samuel 11:1-3thematic

Provides historical context for Jabesh-gilead, which is spared here but later attacked by Ammonites.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The legal basis for utterly destroying a city and its inhabitants for serious covenant rebellion.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Deuteronomy 12:8thematic

Contrast between central sanctuary obedience and doing whatever is right in one's own eyes.

v1Judges 20:1thematic

Sets the scene at Mizpah, where the initial assembly and rash vow took place.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Samuel 31:11thematic

Another major event involving Jabesh-gilead, highlighting their loyalty to Saul, a Benjamite.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Numbers 31:17thematic

Direct parallel for the command to slay all except the young virgins.

v13Judges 20:47thematic

Identifies the six hundred surviving Benjamites who fled to the rock Rimmon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Judges 17:6thematic

Repeats the book's key refrain explaining moral chaos due to having no king.

v6Judges 21:15thematic

Reinforces the grief and repentance Israel felt over the breach made in the tribes.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Judges 21:12thematic

Highlights that the four hundred virgins from Jabesh-gilead were insufficient for the survivors.

Supported by JFB

v1Judges 11:35thematic

Parallels Jephthah's regret over a rash and binding vow made before the Lord.