Judges21
New Living Translation
1The Israelites had vowed at Mizpah, “We will never give our daughters in marriage to a man from the tribe of Benjamin.”
2Now the people went to Bethel and sat in the presence of God until evening, weeping loudly and bitterly.
3“O Lord, God of Israel,” they cried out, “why has this happened in Israel? Now one of our tribes is missing from Israel!”
4Early the next morning the people built an altar and presented their burnt offerings and peace offerings on it.
5Then they said, “Who among the tribes of Israel did not join us at Mizpah when we held our assembly in the presence of the Lord?” At that time they had taken a solemn oath in the Lord’s presence, vowing that anyone who refused to come would be put to death.
6The Israelites felt sorry for their brother Benjamin and said, “Today one of the tribes of Israel has been cut off.
7How can we find wives for the few who remain, since we have sworn by the Lord not to give them our daughters in marriage?”
8So they asked, “Who among the tribes of Israel did not join us at Mizpah when we assembled in the presence of the Lord?” And they discovered that no one from Jabesh-gilead had attended the assembly.
9For after they counted all the people, no one from Jabesh-gilead was present.
10So the assembly sent 12,000 of their best warriors to Jabesh-gilead with orders to kill everyone there, including women and children.
11“This is what you are to do,” they said. “Completely destroy all the males and every woman who is not a virgin.”
12Among the residents of Jabesh-gilead they found 400 young virgins who had never slept with a man, and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh in the land of Canaan.
13The Israelite assembly sent a peace delegation to the remaining people of Benjamin who were living at the rock of Rimmon.
14Then the men of Benjamin returned to their homes, and the 400 women of Jabesh-gilead who had been spared were given to them as wives. But there were not enough women for all of them.
15The people felt sorry for Benjamin because the Lord had made this gap among the tribes of Israel.
16So the elders of the assembly asked, “How can we find wives for the few who remain, since the women of the tribe of Benjamin are dead?
17There must be heirs for the survivors so that an entire tribe of Israel is not wiped out.
18But we cannot give them our own daughters in marriage because we have sworn with a solemn oath that anyone who does this will fall under God’s curse.”
19Then they thought of the annual festival of the Lord held in Shiloh, south of Lebonah and north of Bethel, along the east side of the road that goes from Bethel to Shechem.
20They told the men of Benjamin who still needed wives, “Go and hide in the vineyards.
21When you see the young women of Shiloh come out for their dances, rush out from the vineyards, and each of you can take one of them home to the land of Benjamin to be your wife!
22And when their fathers and brothers come to us in protest, we will tell them, ‘Please be sympathetic. Let them have your daughters, for we didn’t find wives for all of them when we destroyed Jabesh-gilead. And you are not guilty of breaking the vow since you did not actually give your daughters to them in marriage.’”
23So the men of Benjamin did as they were told. Each man caught one of the women as she danced in the celebration and carried her off to be his wife. They returned to their own land, and they rebuilt their towns and lived in them.
24Then the people of Israel departed by tribes and families, and they returned to their own homes.
25In those days Israel had no king; all the people did whatever seemed right in their own eyes.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Israelites lament for the Benjamites. (1-25).
vv1-25
Israel lamented for the Benjamites, and were perplexed by the oath they had taken, not to give their daughters to them in marriage. Men are more zealous to support their own authority than that of God. They would have acted better if they had repented of their rash oaths, brought sin-offerings, and sought forgiveness in the appointed way, rather than attempt to avoid the guilt of perjury by actions quite as wrong. That men can advise others to acts of treachery or violence, out of a sense of duty, forms a strong proof of the blindness of the human mind when left to itself, and of the fatal effects of a conscience under ignorance and error.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מִצְפָּה: Mitspah, the name of two places in Palestine
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
בִּנְיָמִין: Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Cross References
Judges 21Direct parallel showing the vow they swore at Mizpah not to marry their daughters to Benjamin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels building an additional altar due to the immense volume of offerings required.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law regarding devoted things and persons that must surely be put to death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides historical context for Jabesh-gilead, which is spared here but later attacked by Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The legal basis for utterly destroying a city and its inhabitants for serious covenant rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between central sanctuary obedience and doing whatever is right in one's own eyes.
Sets the scene at Mizpah, where the initial assembly and rash vow took place.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another major event involving Jabesh-gilead, highlighting their loyalty to Saul, a Benjamite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel for the command to slay all except the young virgins.
Identifies the six hundred surviving Benjamites who fled to the rock Rimmon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the book's key refrain explaining moral chaos due to having no king.
Reinforces the grief and repentance Israel felt over the breach made in the tribes.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Highlights that the four hundred virgins from Jabesh-gilead were insufficient for the survivors.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Jephthah's regret over a rash and binding vow made before the Lord.