Judges21
New King James Version
1Now the men of Israel had sworn an oath at Mizpah, saying, “None of us shall give his daughter to Benjamin as a wife.”
2Then the people came to the house of God, and remained there before God till evening. They lifted up their voices and wept bitterly,
3and said, “O Lord God of Israel, why has this come to pass in Israel, that today there should be one tribe missing in Israel?”
4So it was, on the next morning, that the people rose early and built an altar there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.
5The children of Israel said, “Who is there among all the tribes of Israel who did not come up with the assembly to the Lord?” For they had made a great oath concerning anyone who had not come up to the Lord at Mizpah, saying, “He shall surely be put to death.”
6And the children of Israel grieved for Benjamin their brother, and said, “One tribe is cut off from Israel today.
7What shall we do for wives for those who remain, seeing we have sworn by the Lord that we will not give them our daughters as wives?”
8And they said, “What one is there from the tribes of Israel who did not come up to Mizpah to the Lord?” And, in fact, no one had come to the camp from Jabesh Gilead to the assembly.
9For when the people were counted, indeed, not one of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead was there.
10So the congregation sent out there twelve thousand of their most valiant men, and commanded them, saying, “Go and strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children.
11And this is the thing that you shall do: You shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman who has known a man intimately.”
12So they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead four hundred young virgins who had not known a man intimately; and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
13Then the whole congregation sent word to the children of Benjamin who were at the rock of Rimmon, and announced peace to them.
14So Benjamin came back at that time, and they gave them the women whom they had saved alive of the women of Jabesh Gilead; and yet they had not found enough for them.
15And the people grieved for Benjamin, because the Lord had made a void in the tribes of Israel.
16Then the elders of the congregation said, “What shall we do for wives for those who remain, since the women of Benjamin have been destroyed?”
17And they said, “There must be an inheritance for the survivors of Benjamin, that a tribe may not be destroyed from Israel.
18However, we cannot give them wives from our daughters, for the children of Israel have sworn an oath, saying, ‘Cursed be the one who gives a wife to Benjamin.’ ”
19Then they said, “In fact, there is a yearly feast of the Lord in Shiloh, which is north of Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah.”
20Therefore they instructed the children of Benjamin, saying, “Go, lie in wait in the vineyards,
21and watch; and just when the daughters of Shiloh come out to perform their dances, then come out from the vineyards, and every man catch a wife for himself from the daughters of Shiloh; then go to the land of Benjamin.
22Then it shall be, when their fathers or their brothers come to us to complain, that we will say to them, ‘Be kind to them for our sakes, because we did not take a wife for any of them in the war; for it is not as though you have given the women to them at this time, making yourselves guilty of your oath.’ ”
23And the children of Benjamin did so; they took enough wives for their number from those who danced, whom they caught. Then they went and returned to their inheritance, and they rebuilt the cities and dwelt in them.
24So the children of Israel departed from there at that time, every man to his tribe and family; they went out from there, every man to his inheritance.
25In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Israelites lament for the Benjamites. (1-25).
vv1-25
Israel lamented for the Benjamites, and were perplexed by the oath they had taken, not to give their daughters to them in marriage. Men are more zealous to support their own authority than that of God. They would have acted better if they had repented of their rash oaths, brought sin-offerings, and sought forgiveness in the appointed way, rather than attempt to avoid the guilt of perjury by actions quite as wrong. That men can advise others to acts of treachery or violence, out of a sense of duty, forms a strong proof of the blindness of the human mind when left to itself, and of the fatal effects of a conscience under ignorance and error.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מִצְפָּה: Mitspah, the name of two places in Palestine
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
בִּנְיָמִין: Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Cross References
Judges 21Direct parallel showing the vow they swore at Mizpah not to marry their daughters to Benjamin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels building an additional altar due to the immense volume of offerings required.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law regarding devoted things and persons that must surely be put to death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides historical context for Jabesh-gilead, which is spared here but later attacked by Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The legal basis for utterly destroying a city and its inhabitants for serious covenant rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between central sanctuary obedience and doing whatever is right in one's own eyes.
Sets the scene at Mizpah, where the initial assembly and rash vow took place.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another major event involving Jabesh-gilead, highlighting their loyalty to Saul, a Benjamite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel for the command to slay all except the young virgins.
Identifies the six hundred surviving Benjamites who fled to the rock Rimmon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the book's key refrain explaining moral chaos due to having no king.
Reinforces the grief and repentance Israel felt over the breach made in the tribes.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Highlights that the four hundred virgins from Jabesh-gilead were insufficient for the survivors.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Jephthah's regret over a rash and binding vow made before the Lord.