Judges21
New American Standard
1 Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying, “None of us shall give his daughter to Benjamin in marriage.”
2 So the people came to Bethel and sat there before God until evening, and raised their voices and wept profusely.
3 And they said, “Why, Lord, God of Israel, has this happened in Israel, that one tribe is missing today from Israel?”
4 And it came about the next day that the people got up early and built an altar there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.
5 Then the sons of Israel said, “Who is there among all the tribes of Israel who did not go up to the Lord in the assembly?” For they had taken a solemn oath concerning anyone who did not go up to the Lord at Mizpah, saying, “He shall certainly be put to death.”
6 And the sons of Israel were sorry for their brother Benjamin, and said, “Today one tribe is cut off from Israel!
7 What are we to do for wives for those who are left, since we have sworn by the Lord not to give them any of our daughters as wives?”
8 And they said, “What one is there of the tribes of Israel that did not go up to the Lord at Mizpah?” And behold, no one had come to the camp from Jabesh-gilead to the assembly.
9 For when the people were counted, behold, not one of the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead was there.
10 And the congregation sent twelve thousand of the valiant warriors there, and commanded them, saying, “Go and strike the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead with the edge of the sword, along with the women and the children.
11 And this is the thing that you shall do: you shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman who has slept with a male.”
12 And they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead four hundred young virgins who had not known a man by sleeping with him; and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
13 Then the whole congregation sent word and spoke to the sons of Benjamin who were at the rock of Rimmon, and proclaimed peace to them.
14 And the tribe of Benjamin returned at that time, and they gave them the women whom they had allowed to live from the women of Jabesh-gilead; but they were not enough for them.
15 And the people were sorry for Benjamin, because the Lord had created a gap in the tribes of Israel.
16 Then the elders of the congregation said, “What are we to do for wives for those who are left, since the women have been eliminated from Benjamin?”
17 And they said, “There must be an inheritance for the survivors of Benjamin, so that a tribe will not be wiped out from Israel.
18 But we cannot give them wives from our daughters.” For the sons of Israel had sworn, saying, “Cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin!”
19 So they said, “Behold, there is a feast of the Lord from year to year in Shiloh, which is on the north side of Bethel, on the east side of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and on the south side of Lebonah.”
20 And they commanded the sons of Benjamin, saying, “Go and lie in wait in the vineyards,
21 and watch; and behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to take part in the dances, then you shall come out of the vineyards, and each of you shall seize his wife from the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.
22 And when their fathers or their brothers come to complain to us, we shall say to them, ‘Give them to us voluntarily, because we did not take for each man of Benjamin a wife in battle, nor did you give them to them, otherwise you would now be guilty.’”
23 The sons of Benjamin did so, and took wives according to their number from those who danced, whom they seized. And they went and returned to their inheritance, and rebuilt the cities and lived in them.
24 And the sons of Israel departed from there at that time, every man to his tribe and family, and each one departed from there to his inheritance.
25 In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.
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Judges 21Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 21. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Israelites lament for the Benjamites. (1-25).
vv1-25
Israel lamented for the Benjamites, and were perplexed by the oath they had taken, not to give their daughters to them in marriage. Men are more zealous to support their own authority than that of God. They would have acted better if they had repented of their rash oaths, brought sin-offerings, and sought forgiveness in the appointed way, rather than attempt to avoid the guilt of perjury by actions quite as wrong. That men can advise others to acts of treachery or violence, out of a sense of duty, forms a strong proof of the blindness of the human mind when left to itself, and of the fatal effects of a conscience under ignorance and error.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מִצְפָּה: Mitspah, the name of two places in Palestine
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
בִּנְיָמִין: Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Cross References
Judges 21Direct parallel showing the vow they swore at Mizpah not to marry their daughters to Benjamin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels building an additional altar due to the immense volume of offerings required.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law regarding devoted things and persons that must surely be put to death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides historical context for Jabesh-gilead, which is spared here but later attacked by Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The legal basis for utterly destroying a city and its inhabitants for serious covenant rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between central sanctuary obedience and doing whatever is right in one's own eyes.
Sets the scene at Mizpah, where the initial assembly and rash vow took place.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another major event involving Jabesh-gilead, highlighting their loyalty to Saul, a Benjamite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel for the command to slay all except the young virgins.
Identifies the six hundred surviving Benjamites who fled to the rock Rimmon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the book's key refrain explaining moral chaos due to having no king.
Reinforces the grief and repentance Israel felt over the breach made in the tribes.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Highlights that the four hundred virgins from Jabesh-gilead were insufficient for the survivors.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Jephthah's regret over a rash and binding vow made before the Lord.