Judges21
King James Version · Public Domain
1Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying, There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife.
2And the people came to the house of God, and abode there till even before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore;
3And said, O Lord God of Israel, why is this come to pass in Israel, that there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel?
4And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people rose early, and built there an altar, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.
5And the children of Israel said, Who is there among all the tribes of Israel that came not up with the congregation unto the Lord? For they had made a great oath concerning him that came not up to the Lord to Mizpah, saying, He shall surely be put to death.
6And the children of Israel repented them for Benjamin their brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off from Israel this day.
7How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing we have sworn by the Lord that we will not give them of our daughters to wives?
8And they said, What one is there of the tribes of Israel that came not up to Mizpah to the Lord? And, behold, there came none to the camp from Jabesh–gilead to the assembly.
9For the people were numbered, and, behold, there were none of the inhabitants of Jabesh–gilead there.
10And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabesh–gilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the children.
11And this is the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman that hath lain by man.
12And they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh–gilead four hundred young virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
13And the whole congregation sent some to speak to the children of Benjamin that were in the rock Rimmon, and to call peaceably unto them.
14And Benjamin came again at that time; and they gave them wives which they had saved alive of the women of Jabesh–gilead: and yet so they sufficed them not.
15And the people repented them for Benjamin, because that the Lord had made a breach in the tribes of Israel.
16Then the elders of the congregation said, How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing the women are destroyed out of Benjamin?
17And they said, There must be an inheritance for them that be escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe be not destroyed out of Israel.
18Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters: for the children of Israel have sworn, saying, Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.
19Then they said, Behold, there is a feast of the Lord in Shiloh yearly in a place which is on the north side of Beth–el, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Beth–el to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.
20Therefore they commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards;
21And see, and, behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in dances, then come ye out of the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin.
22And it shall be, when their fathers or their brethren come unto us to complain, that we will say unto them, Be favourable unto them for our sakes: because we reserved not to each man his wife in the war: for ye did not give unto them at this time, that ye should be guilty.
23And the children of Benjamin did so, and took them wives, according to their number, of them that danced, whom they caught: and they went and returned unto their inheritance, and repaired the cities, and dwelt in them.
24And the children of Israel departed thence at that time, every man to his tribe and to his family, and they went out from thence every man to his inheritance.
25In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Israelites lament for the Benjamites. (1-25).
vv1-25
Israel lamented for the Benjamites, and were perplexed by the oath they had taken, not to give their daughters to them in marriage. Men are more zealous to support their own authority than that of God. They would have acted better if they had repented of their rash oaths, brought sin-offerings, and sought forgiveness in the appointed way, rather than attempt to avoid the guilt of perjury by actions quite as wrong. That men can advise others to acts of treachery or violence, out of a sense of duty, forms a strong proof of the blindness of the human mind when left to itself, and of the fatal effects of a conscience under ignorance and error.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מִצְפָּה: Mitspah, the name of two places in Palestine
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
בִּנְיָמִין: Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
Cross References
Judges 21Direct parallel showing the vow they swore at Mizpah not to marry their daughters to Benjamin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels building an additional altar due to the immense volume of offerings required.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law regarding devoted things and persons that must surely be put to death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides historical context for Jabesh-gilead, which is spared here but later attacked by Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The legal basis for utterly destroying a city and its inhabitants for serious covenant rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between central sanctuary obedience and doing whatever is right in one's own eyes.
Sets the scene at Mizpah, where the initial assembly and rash vow took place.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another major event involving Jabesh-gilead, highlighting their loyalty to Saul, a Benjamite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel for the command to slay all except the young virgins.
Identifies the six hundred surviving Benjamites who fled to the rock Rimmon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the book's key refrain explaining moral chaos due to having no king.
Reinforces the grief and repentance Israel felt over the breach made in the tribes.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Highlights that the four hundred virgins from Jabesh-gilead were insufficient for the survivors.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Jephthah's regret over a rash and binding vow made before the Lord.