Nahum3
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Woe to the bloody city! it is all full of lies and rapine; the prey departeth not.
2The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of wheels, and prancing horses, and bounding chariots,
3the horseman mounting, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear, and a multitude of slain, and a great heap of corpses, and there is no end of the bodies; they stumble upon their bodies;—
4because of the multitude of the whoredoms of the well-favored harlot, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth nations through her whoredoms, and families through her witchcrafts.
5Behold, I am against thee, saith Jehovah of hosts, and I will uncover thy skirts upon thy face; and I will show the nations thy nakedness, and the kingdoms thy shame.
6And I will cast abominable filth upon thee, and make thee vile, and will set thee as a gazing-stock.
7And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say, Nineveh is laid waste: who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?
8Art thou better than No-amon, that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters round about her; whose rampart was the sea, and her wall was of the sea?
9Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers.
10Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity; her young children also were dashed in pieces at the head of all the streets; and they cast lots for her honorable men, and all her great men were bound in chains.
11Thou also shalt be drunken; thou shalt be hid; thou also shalt seek a stronghold because of the enemy.
12All thy fortresses shall be like fig-trees with the first-ripe figs: if they be shaken, they fall into the mouth of the eater.
13Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies: the fire hath devoured thy bars.
14Draw thee water for the siege; strengthen thy fortresses; go into the clay, and tread the mortar; make strong the brickkiln.
15There shall the fire devour thee; the sword shall cut thee off; it shall devour thee like the canker-worm: make thyself many as the canker-worm; make thyself many as the locust.
16Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the canker-worm ravageth, and fleeth away.
17Thy princes are as the locusts, and thy marshals as the swarms of grasshoppers, which encamp in the hedges in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are.
18Thy shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria; thy nobles are at rest; thy people are scattered upon the mountains, and there is none to gather them.
19There is no assuaging of thy hurt; thy wound is grievous: all that hear the report of thee clap their hands over thee; for upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nahum 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The sins and judgments of Nineveh. (1–7). Its utter destruction. (8–19).
vv1-7
When proud sinners are brought down, others should learn not to lift themselves up. The fall of this great city should be a lesson to private persons, who increase wealth by fraud and oppression. They are preparing enemies for themselves; and if the Lord sees good to punish them in this world, they will have none to pity them. Every man who seeks his own prosperity, safety, and peace, should not only act in an upright, honourable manner, but with kindness to all.
vv8-19
Strong-holds, even the strongest, are no defence against the judgments of God. They shall be unable to do any thing for themselves. The Chaldeans and Medes would devour the land like canker-worms. The Assyrians also would be eaten up by their own numerous hired troops, which seem to be meant by the word rendered “merchants.” Those that have done evil to their neighbours, will find it come home to them. Nineveh, and many other cities, states, and empires, have been ruined, and should be a warning to us. Are we better, except as there are some true Christians amongst us, who are a greater security, and a stronger defence, than all the advantages of situation or strength? When the Lord shows himself against a people, every thing they trust in must fail, or prove a disadvantage; but he continues good to Israel. He is a strong-hold for every believer in time of trouble, that cannot be stormed or taken; and he knoweth those that trust in Him.
Key Words
הוֹי: oh!
דָּם: blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood)
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
מָלֵא: full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
כַּחַשׁ: literally a failure of flesh, i.e. emaciation; figuratively, hypocrisy
פֶּרֶק: rapine; also a fork (in roads)
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
מוּשׁ: to withdraw (both literally and figuratively, whether intransitive or transitive)
טֶרֶף: something torn, i.e. a fragment, e.g. a fresh leaf, prey, food
קוֹל: a voice or sound
Cross References
Nahum 3Exposing a proud city's nakedness as a harlot's punishment; Nahum echoes Isaiah's language.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The severe judgment of uncovering skirts upon the face for persistent spiritual/political whoredoms.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Stripping a harlot-city naked in the sight of her former lovers/allies.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Nahum's exact verbal query ('who will bemoan her?') mirrors Isaiah's lamentation over Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Vivid battle soundscape detailing rushing war chariots, rattling wheels, and galloping horses.
Supported by JFB
Judgment coming upon a proud empire despite its abundance of witchcrafts and enchantments.
Supported by JFB
Sorceries and enchantments fail to preserve the proud imperial city from sudden destruction.
Supported by JFB
The deceptive political/religious 'whoredoms' and 'witchcrafts' of imperial Nineveh prefigure mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The historical fall of No-Amon (Thebes) as a warning pattern for Nineveh's impending ruin.
Supported by JFB
Denunciation of the 'bloody city' filled with oppression, lies, rapine, and injustice.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Commercial and diplomatic seductions of a city described metaphorically as the whoredoms of a harlot.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Spectators standing afar off, fleeing from her torment and lamenting the ruined city.
Supported by JFB
Defenders becoming like women, their courage failing as the gates are burned with fire.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Challenging a proud nation whether they are truly better than other great cities already destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Passersby clapping their hands and hissing over the total, irremediable ruin of the city.
Supported by Matthew Poole