Nahum 3NIV
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Nahum3

New International Version

1Woe to the city of blood, full of lies, full of plunder, never without victims!

2The crack of whips, the clatter of wheels, galloping horses and jolting chariots!

3Charging cavalry, flashing swords and glittering spears! Many casualties, piles of dead, bodies without number, people stumbling over the corpses—

4all because of the wanton lust of a prostitute, alluring, the mistress of sorceries, who enslaved nations by her prostitution and peoples by her witchcraft.

5“I am against you,” declares the Lord Almighty. “I will lift your skirts over your face. I will show the nations your nakedness and the kingdoms your shame.

6I will pelt you with filth, I will treat you with contempt and make you a spectacle.

7All who see you will flee from you and say, ‘Nineveh is in ruins—who will mourn for her?’ Where can I find anyone to comfort you?”

8Are you better than Thebes, situated on the Nile, with water around her? The river was her defense, the waters her wall.

9Cush and Egypt were her boundless strength; Put and Libya were among her allies.

10Yet she was taken captive and went into exile. Her infants were dashed to pieces at every street corner. Lots were cast for her nobles, and all her great men were put in chains.

11You too will become drunk; you will go into hiding and seek refuge from the enemy.

12All your fortresses are like fig trees with their first ripe fruit; when they are shaken, the figs fall into the mouth of the eater.

13Look at your troops— they are all weaklings. The gates of your land are wide open to your enemies; fire has consumed the bars of your gates.

14Draw water for the siege, strengthen your defenses! Work the clay, tread the mortar, repair the brickwork!

15There the fire will consume you; the sword will cut you down— they will devour you like a swarm of locusts. Multiply like grasshoppers, multiply like locusts!

16You have increased the number of your merchants till they are more numerous than the stars in the sky, but like locusts they strip the land and then fly away.

17Your guards are like locusts, your officials like swarms of locusts that settle in the walls on a cold day— but when the sun appears they fly away, and no one knows where.

18King of Assyria, your shepherds slumber; your nobles lie down to rest. Your people are scattered on the mountains with no one to gather them.

19Nothing can heal you; your wound is fatal. All who hear the news about you clap their hands at your fall, for who has not felt your endless cruelty?

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nahum 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The sins and judgments of Nineveh. (1–7). Its utter destruction. (8–19).

vv1-7

When proud sinners are brought down, others should learn not to lift themselves up. The fall of this great city should be a lesson to private persons, who increase wealth by fraud and oppression. They are preparing enemies for themselves; and if the Lord sees good to punish them in this world, they will have none to pity them. Every man who seeks his own prosperity, safety, and peace, should not only act in an upright, honourable manner, but with kindness to all.

vv8-19

Strong-holds, even the strongest, are no defence against the judgments of God. They shall be unable to do any thing for themselves. The Chaldeans and Medes would devour the land like canker-worms. The Assyrians also would be eaten up by their own numerous hired troops, which seem to be meant by the word rendered “merchants.” Those that have done evil to their neighbours, will find it come home to them. Nineveh, and many other cities, states, and empires, have been ruined, and should be a warning to us. Are we better, except as there are some true Christians amongst us, who are a greater security, and a stronger defence, than all the advantages of situation or strength? When the Lord shows himself against a people, every thing they trust in must fail, or prove a disadvantage; but he continues good to Israel. He is a strong-hold for every believer in time of trouble, that cannot be stormed or taken; and he knoweth those that trust in Him.

Cross References

Nahum 3
v5Isaiah 47:3thematic

Exposing a proud city's nakedness as a harlot's punishment; Nahum echoes Isaiah's language.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Jeremiah 13:22thematic

The severe judgment of uncovering skirts upon the face for persistent spiritual/political whoredoms.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Ezekiel 16:37thematic

Stripping a harlot-city naked in the sight of her former lovers/allies.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Isaiah 51:19thematic

Nahum's exact verbal query ('who will bemoan her?') mirrors Isaiah's lamentation over Jerusalem.

Supported by JFB

v2Jeremiah 47:3thematic

Vivid battle soundscape detailing rushing war chariots, rattling wheels, and galloping horses.

Supported by JFB

v4Isaiah 47:9thematic

Judgment coming upon a proud empire despite its abundance of witchcrafts and enchantments.

Supported by JFB

v4Isaiah 47:12thematic

Sorceries and enchantments fail to preserve the proud imperial city from sudden destruction.

Supported by JFB

The deceptive political/religious 'whoredoms' and 'witchcrafts' of imperial Nineveh prefigure mystical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The historical fall of No-Amon (Thebes) as a warning pattern for Nineveh's impending ruin.

Supported by JFB

v1Zephaniah 3:1-3thematic

Denunciation of the 'bloody city' filled with oppression, lies, rapine, and injustice.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Isaiah 23:17thematic

Commercial and diplomatic seductions of a city described metaphorically as the whoredoms of a harlot.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Spectators standing afar off, fleeing from her torment and lamenting the ruined city.

Supported by JFB

v13Jeremiah 51:30thematic

Defenders becoming like women, their courage failing as the gates are burned with fire.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Amos 6:2thematic

Challenging a proud nation whether they are truly better than other great cities already destroyed.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Passersby clapping their hands and hissing over the total, irremediable ruin of the city.

Supported by Matthew Poole