Nahum3
English Standard Version
1 to the , all of and — to the !
2The of the , of the , and !
3 , and , of , , dead — they over the !
4And all of the , deadly , who with her , and with her .
5 , I am you, the Lord of , and will up your over your ; and I will make at your and at your .
6I will you and treat you and you a .
7And who at you you and , is ; will for her? shall I for you?
8Are you that by the , with her, her , and her ?
9 was her ; too, and that ; and the were her .
10 she became an ; she into ; her were in pieces at the of ; for her were , and her men were in .
11 will be ; you will go into ; will a from the .
12 your are like with — they into the of the .
13 , your are in your . The of your are to your ; has your .
14 for the ; your ; into the ; the ; take of the !
15 will the you; the will you off. It will you like the . yourselves like the ; like the !
16You more than the of the . The its wings and away.
17Your are like , your like clouds of on the in a of — when the , they ; one .
18Your are , O of ; your . Your are on the with to them.
19There is your ; your is . who the about you their you. For upon whom has not your ?
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nahum 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The sins and judgments of Nineveh. (1–7). Its utter destruction. (8–19).
vv1-7
When proud sinners are brought down, others should learn not to lift themselves up. The fall of this great city should be a lesson to private persons, who increase wealth by fraud and oppression. They are preparing enemies for themselves; and if the Lord sees good to punish them in this world, they will have none to pity them. Every man who seeks his own prosperity, safety, and peace, should not only act in an upright, honourable manner, but with kindness to all.
vv8-19
Strong-holds, even the strongest, are no defence against the judgments of God. They shall be unable to do any thing for themselves. The Chaldeans and Medes would devour the land like canker-worms. The Assyrians also would be eaten up by their own numerous hired troops, which seem to be meant by the word rendered “merchants.” Those that have done evil to their neighbours, will find it come home to them. Nineveh, and many other cities, states, and empires, have been ruined, and should be a warning to us. Are we better, except as there are some true Christians amongst us, who are a greater security, and a stronger defence, than all the advantages of situation or strength? When the Lord shows himself against a people, every thing they trust in must fail, or prove a disadvantage; but he continues good to Israel. He is a strong-hold for every believer in time of trouble, that cannot be stormed or taken; and he knoweth those that trust in Him.
Key Words
הוֹי: oh!
דָּם: blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood)
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
מָלֵא: full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
כַּחַשׁ: literally a failure of flesh, i.e. emaciation; figuratively, hypocrisy
פֶּרֶק: rapine; also a fork (in roads)
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
מוּשׁ: to withdraw (both literally and figuratively, whether intransitive or transitive)
טֶרֶף: something torn, i.e. a fragment, e.g. a fresh leaf, prey, food
קוֹל: a voice or sound
Cross References
Nahum 3Exposing a proud city's nakedness as a harlot's punishment; Nahum echoes Isaiah's language.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The severe judgment of uncovering skirts upon the face for persistent spiritual/political whoredoms.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Stripping a harlot-city naked in the sight of her former lovers/allies.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Nahum's exact verbal query ('who will bemoan her?') mirrors Isaiah's lamentation over Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Vivid battle soundscape detailing rushing war chariots, rattling wheels, and galloping horses.
Supported by JFB
Judgment coming upon a proud empire despite its abundance of witchcrafts and enchantments.
Supported by JFB
Sorceries and enchantments fail to preserve the proud imperial city from sudden destruction.
Supported by JFB
The deceptive political/religious 'whoredoms' and 'witchcrafts' of imperial Nineveh prefigure mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The historical fall of No-Amon (Thebes) as a warning pattern for Nineveh's impending ruin.
Supported by JFB
Denunciation of the 'bloody city' filled with oppression, lies, rapine, and injustice.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Commercial and diplomatic seductions of a city described metaphorically as the whoredoms of a harlot.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Spectators standing afar off, fleeing from her torment and lamenting the ruined city.
Supported by JFB
Defenders becoming like women, their courage failing as the gates are burned with fire.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Challenging a proud nation whether they are truly better than other great cities already destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Passersby clapping their hands and hissing over the total, irremediable ruin of the city.
Supported by Matthew Poole