Job33
New American Standard
1“However, please hear my speech, Job, And listen to all my words.
2Behold now, I open my mouth, My tongue in my mouth speaks.
3My words are from the integrity of my heart, And my lips speak knowledge sincerely.
4The Spirit of God has made me, And the breath of the Almighty gives me life.
5Refute me if you can; Line up against me, take your stand.
6Behold, I belong to God, like you; I too have been formed out of the clay.
7Behold, no fear of me should terrify you, Nor should my pressure weigh heavily on you.
8“You have in fact spoken while I listened, And I heard the sound of your words:
9‘I am pure, without wrongdoing; I am innocent and there is no guilt in me.
10Behold, He invents criticisms against me; He counts me as His enemy.
11He puts my feet in the stocks; He watches all my paths.’
12Behold, let me respond to you, you are not right in this, For God is greater than mankind.
13“Why do you complain to Him That He does not give an account of all His doings?
14Indeed God speaks once, Or twice, yet no one notices it.
15In a dream, a vision of the night, When deep sleep falls on people, While they slumber in their beds,
16Then He opens the ears of people, And horrifies them with warnings,
17So that He may turn a person away from bad conduct, And keep a man from pride;
18He keeps his soul back from the pit, And his life from perishing by the spear.
19“A person is also rebuked by pain in his bed, And with constant complaint in his bones,
20So that his life loathes bread, And his soul, food that he should crave.
21His flesh wastes away from sight, And his bones, which were not seen, stick out.
22Then his soul comes near to the pit, And his life to those who bring death.
23“If there is an interceding angel for him, One out of a thousand, To remind a person of what is right for him,
24And he is gracious to him, and says, ‘Free him from going down to the pit, I have found a ransom’;
25Let his flesh become fresher than in youth, Let him return to the days of his youthful vigor;
26Then he will pray to God, and He will accept him, So that he may see His face with joy, And He will restore His righteousness to that person.
27He will sing to people and say, ‘I have sinned and perverted what is right, And it is not proper for me.
28He has redeemed my soul from going to the pit, And my life will see the light.’
29“Behold, God does all these things for a man two or three times,
30To bring back his soul from the pit, So that he may be enlightened with the light of life.
31Pay attention, Job, listen to me; Keep silent, and let me speak.
32Then if you have anything to say, answer me; Speak, for I would take pleasure in justifying you.
33If not, listen to me; Keep silent, and I will teach you wisdom.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 33.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Elihu offers to reason with Job. (1–7). Elihu blames Job for reflecting upon God. (8–13). God calls men to repentance. (14–18). God sends afflictions for good. (19–28). Elihu entreats Job's attention. (29–33).
vv1-7
Job had desired a judge to decide his appeal. Elihu was one according to his wish, a man like himself. If we would rightly convince men, it must be by reason, not by terror; by fair argument, not by a heavy hand.
vv8-13
Elihu charges Job with reflecting upon the justice and goodness of God. When we hear any thing said to God's dishonour, we ought to bear our testimony against it. Job had represented God as severe in marking what he did amiss. Elihu urges that he had spoken wrong, and that he ought to humble himself before God, and by repentance to unsay it. God is not accountable to us. It is unreasonable for weak, sinful creatures, to strive with a God of infinite wisdom, power, and goodness. He acts with perfect justice, wisdom, and goodness, where we cannot perceive it.
vv14-18
God speaks to us by conscience, by providences, and by ministers; of all these Elihu discourses. There was not then, that we know of, any Divine revelation in writing, though now it is our principal guide. When God designs men's good, by the convictions and dictates of their own consciences, he opens the heart, as Lydia's, and opens the ears, so that conviction finds or forces its way in. The end and design of these admonitions are to keep men from sin, particularly the sin of pride. While sinners are pursuing evil purposes, and indulging their pride, their souls are hastening to destruction. That which turns men from sin, saves them from hell. What a mercy it is to be under the restraints of an awakened conscience!
Key Words
אוּלָם: however or on the contrary
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מִלָּה: a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic
אִיּוֹב: Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
פָּתַח: to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)
Cross References
Job 33Elihu acts as the mediator/umpire in God's stead that Job repeatedly wished for.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu promises his hand will not be heavy on Job, answering Job's specific plea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Alludes directly to the creation of man by God's Spirit and breath of life.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu quotes Job's complaint that God counts him for His enemy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu quotes Job's exact complaint about putting his feet in stocks and marking paths.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's dread of God's rod and terror is answered by Elihu's non-threatening human approach.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Rebukes striving against God, echoing the clay disputing with the one who forms it.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of a sick man's soul abhorring all manner of dainty meat.
Supported by JFB
Reflects Job's protestations that God knows he is not wicked.
Supported by JFB
Reflects the principle of God speaking 'once, yea twice' to communicate His truths.
Supported by JFB
Echoes Eliphaz's description of night visions when deep sleep falls on men.
Supported by JFB
An ancient historical example of God warning a man in a dream of the night.
Supported by JFB
Elihu repeats his theme of God opening the ear to instruction through discipline.
Supported by JFB
Elihu contrasts God's preventative purpose with Job's broken earthly purposes.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Elihu's reliance on the inspiration of the Almighty rather than mere age.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Job's desire for his adversary to write a book and plead directly.
Supported by JFB
Connects to Job's desire to speak directly to the Almighty and reason with God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the description of severe chastening and lack of rest in the bones.
Supported by JFB
Typological parallel to the 'interpreter' or messenger representing God to man.
Connects the physical palate/mouth to the spiritual discernment of words.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Job's distress of God treating him with hostility and enmity.
Supported by JFB
Directly links to Job's complaint that God numbers and narrowly watches his steps.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates a man's flesh returning fresher than a child's upon recovery.