Job33
New International Version
1“But now, Job, listen to my words; pay attention to everything I say.
2I am about to open my mouth; my words are on the tip of my tongue.
3My words come from an upright heart; my lips sincerely speak what I know.
4The Spirit of God has made me; the breath of the Almighty gives me life.
5Answer me then, if you can; stand up and argue your case before me.
6I am the same as you in God’s sight; I too am a piece of clay.
7No fear of me should alarm you, nor should my hand be heavy on you.
8“But you have said in my hearing— I heard the very words—
9‘I am pure, I have done no wrong; I am clean and free from sin.
10Yet God has found fault with me; he considers me his enemy.
11He fastens my feet in shackles; he keeps close watch on all my paths.’
12“But I tell you, in this you are not right, for God is greater than any mortal.
13Why do you complain to him that he responds to no one’s words?
14For God does speak—now one way, now another— though no one perceives it.
15In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls on people as they slumber in their beds,
16he may speak in their ears and terrify them with warnings,
17to turn them from wrongdoing and keep them from pride,
18to preserve them from the pit, their lives from perishing by the sword.
19“Or someone may be chastened on a bed of pain with constant distress in their bones,
20so that their body finds food repulsive and their soul loathes the choicest meal.
21Their flesh wastes away to nothing, and their bones, once hidden, now stick out.
22They draw near to the pit, and their life to the messengers of death.
23Yet if there is an angel at their side, a messenger, one out of a thousand, sent to tell them how to be upright,
24and he is gracious to that person and says to God, ‘Spare them from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom for them—
25let their flesh be renewed like a child’s; let them be restored as in the days of their youth’—
26then that person can pray to God and find favor with him, they will see God’s face and shout for joy; he will restore them to full well-being.
27And they will go to others and say, ‘I have sinned, I have perverted what is right, but I did not get what I deserved.
28God has delivered me from going down to the pit, and I shall live to enjoy the light of life.’
29“God does all these things to a person— twice, even three times—
30to turn them back from the pit, that the light of life may shine on them.
31“Pay attention, Job, and listen to me; be silent, and I will speak.
32If you have anything to say, answer me; speak up, for I want to vindicate you.
33But if not, then listen to me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 33.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Elihu offers to reason with Job. (1–7). Elihu blames Job for reflecting upon God. (8–13). God calls men to repentance. (14–18). God sends afflictions for good. (19–28). Elihu entreats Job's attention. (29–33).
vv1-7
Job had desired a judge to decide his appeal. Elihu was one according to his wish, a man like himself. If we would rightly convince men, it must be by reason, not by terror; by fair argument, not by a heavy hand.
vv8-13
Elihu charges Job with reflecting upon the justice and goodness of God. When we hear any thing said to God's dishonour, we ought to bear our testimony against it. Job had represented God as severe in marking what he did amiss. Elihu urges that he had spoken wrong, and that he ought to humble himself before God, and by repentance to unsay it. God is not accountable to us. It is unreasonable for weak, sinful creatures, to strive with a God of infinite wisdom, power, and goodness. He acts with perfect justice, wisdom, and goodness, where we cannot perceive it.
vv14-18
God speaks to us by conscience, by providences, and by ministers; of all these Elihu discourses. There was not then, that we know of, any Divine revelation in writing, though now it is our principal guide. When God designs men's good, by the convictions and dictates of their own consciences, he opens the heart, as Lydia's, and opens the ears, so that conviction finds or forces its way in. The end and design of these admonitions are to keep men from sin, particularly the sin of pride. While sinners are pursuing evil purposes, and indulging their pride, their souls are hastening to destruction. That which turns men from sin, saves them from hell. What a mercy it is to be under the restraints of an awakened conscience!
Key Words
אוּלָם: however or on the contrary
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מִלָּה: a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic
אִיּוֹב: Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
פָּתַח: to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)
Cross References
Job 33Elihu acts as the mediator/umpire in God's stead that Job repeatedly wished for.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu promises his hand will not be heavy on Job, answering Job's specific plea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Alludes directly to the creation of man by God's Spirit and breath of life.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu quotes Job's complaint that God counts him for His enemy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu quotes Job's exact complaint about putting his feet in stocks and marking paths.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's dread of God's rod and terror is answered by Elihu's non-threatening human approach.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Rebukes striving against God, echoing the clay disputing with the one who forms it.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of a sick man's soul abhorring all manner of dainty meat.
Supported by JFB
Reflects Job's protestations that God knows he is not wicked.
Supported by JFB
Reflects the principle of God speaking 'once, yea twice' to communicate His truths.
Supported by JFB
Echoes Eliphaz's description of night visions when deep sleep falls on men.
Supported by JFB
An ancient historical example of God warning a man in a dream of the night.
Supported by JFB
Elihu repeats his theme of God opening the ear to instruction through discipline.
Supported by JFB
Elihu contrasts God's preventative purpose with Job's broken earthly purposes.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Elihu's reliance on the inspiration of the Almighty rather than mere age.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Job's desire for his adversary to write a book and plead directly.
Supported by JFB
Connects to Job's desire to speak directly to the Almighty and reason with God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the description of severe chastening and lack of rest in the bones.
Supported by JFB
Typological parallel to the 'interpreter' or messenger representing God to man.
Connects the physical palate/mouth to the spiritual discernment of words.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Job's distress of God treating him with hostility and enmity.
Supported by JFB
Directly links to Job's complaint that God numbers and narrowly watches his steps.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates a man's flesh returning fresher than a child's upon recovery.