Job34
New International Version
1Then Elihu said:
2“Hear my words, you wise men; listen to me, you men of learning.
3For the ear tests words as the tongue tastes food.
4Let us discern for ourselves what is right; let us learn together what is good.
5“Job says, ‘I am innocent, but God denies me justice.
6Although I am right, I am considered a liar; although I am guiltless, his arrow inflicts an incurable wound.’
7Is there anyone like Job, who drinks scorn like water?
8He keeps company with evildoers; he associates with the wicked.
9For he says, ‘There is no profit in trying to please God.’
10“So listen to me, you men of understanding. Far be it from God to do evil, from the Almighty to do wrong.
11He repays everyone for what they have done; he brings on them what their conduct deserves.
12It is unthinkable that God would do wrong, that the Almighty would pervert justice.
13Who appointed him over the earth? Who put him in charge of the whole world?
14If it were his intention and he withdrew his spirit and breath,
15all humanity would perish together and mankind would return to the dust.
16“If you have understanding, hear this; listen to what I say.
17Can someone who hates justice govern? Will you condemn the just and mighty One?
18Is he not the One who says to kings, ‘You are worthless,’ and to nobles, ‘You are wicked,’
19who shows no partiality to princes and does not favor the rich over the poor, for they are all the work of his hands?
20They die in an instant, in the middle of the night; the people are shaken and they pass away; the mighty are removed without human hand.
21“His eyes are on the ways of mortals; he sees their every step.
22There is no deep shadow, no utter darkness, where evildoers can hide.
23God has no need to examine people further, that they should come before him for judgment.
24Without inquiry he shatters the mighty and sets up others in their place.
25Because he takes note of their deeds, he overthrows them in the night and they are crushed.
26He punishes them for their wickedness where everyone can see them,
27because they turned from following him and had no regard for any of his ways.
28They caused the cry of the poor to come before him, so that he heard the cry of the needy.
29But if he remains silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can see him? Yet he is over individual and nation alike,
30to keep the godless from ruling, from laying snares for the people.
31“Suppose someone says to God, ‘I am guilty but will offend no more.
32Teach me what I cannot see; if I have done wrong, I will not do so again.’
33Should God then reward you on your terms, when you refuse to repent? You must decide, not I; so tell me what you know.
34“Men of understanding declare, wise men who hear me say to me,
35‘Job speaks without knowledge; his words lack insight.’
36Oh, that Job might be tested to the utmost for answering like a wicked man!
37To his sin he adds rebellion; scornfully he claps his hands among us and multiplies his words against God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 34.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Elihu accuses Job of charging God with injustice. (1–9). God cannot be unjust. (10–15). God's power and providence. (16–30). Elihu reproves Job. (31–37).
vv1-9
Elihu calls upon those present to decide with him upon Job's words. The plainest Christian, whose mind is enlightened, whose heart is sanctified by the Spirit of God, and who is versed in the Scriptures, can say how far matters, words, or actions, agree with true religion, better than any that lean to their own understandings. Job had spoken as if he meant wholly to justify himself. He that say, I have cleansed my hands in vain, does not only offend against God's children, Ps 73:13–15, but gratifies his enemies, and says as they say.
vv10-15
Elihu had showed Job, that God meant him no hurt by afflicting him, but intended his spiritual benefit. Here he shows, that God did him no wrong by afflicting him. If the former did not satisfy him, this ought to silence him. God cannot do wickedness, nor the Almighty commit wrong. If services now go unrewarded, and sins now go unpunished, yet there is a day coming, when God will fully render to every man according to his works. Further, though the believer's final condemnation is done away through the Saviour's ransom, yet he has merited worse than any outward afflictions; so that no wrong is done to him, however he may be tried.
vv16-30
Elihu appeals directly to Job himself. Could he suppose that God was like those earthly princes, who hate right, who are unfit to rule, and prove the scourges of mankind? It is daring presumption to condemn God's proceedings, as Job had done by his discontents. Elihu suggests divers considerations to Job, to produce in him high thoughts of God, and so to persuade him to submit. Job had often wished to plead his cause before God. Elihu asks, To what purpose? All is well that God does, and will be found so. What can make those uneasy, whose souls dwell at ease in God? The smiles of all the world cannot quiet those on whom God frowns.
Key Words
אֱלִיהוּ: Elihu, the name of one of Job's friends, and of three Israelites
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מִלָּה: a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic
חָכָם: wise, (i.e. intelligent, skilful or artful)
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
יָדַע: to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)
אֹזֶן: broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)
בָּחַן: to test (especially metals); generally and figuratively, to investigate
Cross References
Job 34Direct citation of Job's claim that God has 'taken away my judgment.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Repeats the precise proverb comparing the ear testing words to the mouth tasting meat.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Affirms God is just and without iniquity, directly answering Job's complaints.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Eliphaz's image of drinking iniquity/scorning like water.
Supported by JFB
Strongly asserts that there is no unrighteousness with God.
Supported by JFB
Bildad's identical rhetorical question: 'Doth God pervert judgment? or the Almighty pervert justice?'
Supported by JFB
The prohibition against reviling rulers, reinforcing that we must not condemn God.
Supported by JFB
Affirms God does not respect persons, take bribes, or favor princes.
Supported by JFB
Where Job claimed God destroys both the perfect and the wicked alike.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Asaph's parallel temptation to say cleansing his heart was in vain.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Wicked men saying 'It is vain to serve God' matches Elihu's charge.
Supported by JFB
Establishes that God will render to every man according to his works.
Supported by JFB
Reflects God gathering man's spirit back to Himself, causing flesh to return to dust.
Supported by JFB
The foundational decree that man shall return to dust.
Supported by JFB
Affirms that darkness cannot hide anything from God's sight.
Supported by JFB