Job33
New King James Version
1“But please, Job, hear my speech, And listen to all my words.
2Now, I open my mouth; My tongue speaks in my mouth.
3My words come from my upright heart; My lips utter pure knowledge.
4The Spirit of God has made me, And the breath of the Almighty gives me life.
5If you can answer me, Set your words in order before me; Take your stand.
6Truly I am as your spokesman before God; I also have been formed out of clay.
7Surely no fear of me will terrify you, Nor will my hand be heavy on you.
8“Surely you have spoken in my hearing, And I have heard the sound of your words, saying,
9‘I am pure, without transgression; I am innocent, and there is no iniquity in me.
10Yet He finds occasions against me, He counts me as His enemy;
11He puts my feet in the stocks, He watches all my paths.’
12“Look, in this you are not righteous. I will answer you, For God is greater than man.
13Why do you contend with Him? For He does not give an accounting of any of His words.
14For God may speak in one way, or in another, Yet man does not perceive it.
15In a dream, in a vision of the night, When deep sleep falls upon men, While slumbering on their beds,
16Then He opens the ears of men, And seals their instruction.
17In order to turn man from his deed, And conceal pride from man,
18He keeps back his soul from the Pit, And his life from perishing by the sword.
19“Man is also chastened with pain on his bed, And with strong pain in many of his bones,
20So that his life abhors bread, And his soul succulent food.
21His flesh wastes away from sight, And his bones stick out which once were not seen.
22Yes, his soul draws near the Pit, And his life to the executioners.
23“If there is a messenger for him, A mediator, one among a thousand, To show man His uprightness,
24Then He is gracious to him, and says, ‘Deliver him from going down to the Pit; I have found a ransom’;
25His flesh shall be young like a child’s, He shall return to the days of his youth.
26He shall pray to God, and He will delight in him, He shall see His face with joy, For He restores to man His righteousness.
27Then he looks at men and says, ‘I have sinned, and perverted what was right, And it did not profit me.’
28He will redeem his soul from going down to the Pit, And his life shall see the light.
29“Behold, God works all these things, Twice, in fact, three times with a man,
30To bring back his soul from the Pit, That he may be enlightened with the light of life.
31“Give ear, Job, listen to me; Hold your peace, and I will speak.
32If you have anything to say, answer me; Speak, for I desire to justify you.
33If not, listen to me; Hold your peace, and I will teach you wisdom.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 33.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Elihu offers to reason with Job. (1–7). Elihu blames Job for reflecting upon God. (8–13). God calls men to repentance. (14–18). God sends afflictions for good. (19–28). Elihu entreats Job's attention. (29–33).
vv1-7
Job had desired a judge to decide his appeal. Elihu was one according to his wish, a man like himself. If we would rightly convince men, it must be by reason, not by terror; by fair argument, not by a heavy hand.
vv8-13
Elihu charges Job with reflecting upon the justice and goodness of God. When we hear any thing said to God's dishonour, we ought to bear our testimony against it. Job had represented God as severe in marking what he did amiss. Elihu urges that he had spoken wrong, and that he ought to humble himself before God, and by repentance to unsay it. God is not accountable to us. It is unreasonable for weak, sinful creatures, to strive with a God of infinite wisdom, power, and goodness. He acts with perfect justice, wisdom, and goodness, where we cannot perceive it.
vv14-18
God speaks to us by conscience, by providences, and by ministers; of all these Elihu discourses. There was not then, that we know of, any Divine revelation in writing, though now it is our principal guide. When God designs men's good, by the convictions and dictates of their own consciences, he opens the heart, as Lydia's, and opens the ears, so that conviction finds or forces its way in. The end and design of these admonitions are to keep men from sin, particularly the sin of pride. While sinners are pursuing evil purposes, and indulging their pride, their souls are hastening to destruction. That which turns men from sin, saves them from hell. What a mercy it is to be under the restraints of an awakened conscience!
Key Words
אוּלָם: however or on the contrary
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מִלָּה: a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic
אִיּוֹב: Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
פָּתַח: to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)
Cross References
Job 33Elihu acts as the mediator/umpire in God's stead that Job repeatedly wished for.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu promises his hand will not be heavy on Job, answering Job's specific plea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Alludes directly to the creation of man by God's Spirit and breath of life.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu quotes Job's complaint that God counts him for His enemy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elihu quotes Job's exact complaint about putting his feet in stocks and marking paths.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's dread of God's rod and terror is answered by Elihu's non-threatening human approach.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Rebukes striving against God, echoing the clay disputing with the one who forms it.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of a sick man's soul abhorring all manner of dainty meat.
Supported by JFB
Reflects Job's protestations that God knows he is not wicked.
Supported by JFB
Reflects the principle of God speaking 'once, yea twice' to communicate His truths.
Supported by JFB
Echoes Eliphaz's description of night visions when deep sleep falls on men.
Supported by JFB
An ancient historical example of God warning a man in a dream of the night.
Supported by JFB
Elihu repeats his theme of God opening the ear to instruction through discipline.
Supported by JFB
Elihu contrasts God's preventative purpose with Job's broken earthly purposes.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Elihu's reliance on the inspiration of the Almighty rather than mere age.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Job's desire for his adversary to write a book and plead directly.
Supported by JFB
Connects to Job's desire to speak directly to the Almighty and reason with God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the description of severe chastening and lack of rest in the bones.
Supported by JFB
Typological parallel to the 'interpreter' or messenger representing God to man.
Connects the physical palate/mouth to the spiritual discernment of words.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Job's distress of God treating him with hostility and enmity.
Supported by JFB
Directly links to Job's complaint that God numbers and narrowly watches his steps.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates a man's flesh returning fresher than a child's upon recovery.