2 Chronicles26
New International Version
1Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father Amaziah.
2He was the one who rebuilt Elath and restored it to Judah after Amaziah rested with his ancestors.
3Uzziah was sixteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-two years. His mother’s name was Jekoliah; she was from Jerusalem.
4He did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, just as his father Amaziah had done.
5He sought God during the days of Zechariah, who instructed him in the fear of God. As long as he sought the Lord, God gave him success.
6He went to war against the Philistines and broke down the walls of Gath, Jabneh and Ashdod. He then rebuilt towns near Ashdod and elsewhere among the Philistines.
7God helped him against the Philistines and against the Arabs who lived in Gur Baal and against the Meunites.
8The Ammonites brought tribute to Uzziah, and his fame spread as far as the border of Egypt, because he had become very powerful.
9Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the Corner Gate, at the Valley Gate and at the angle of the wall, and he fortified them.
10He also built towers in the wilderness and dug many cisterns, because he had much livestock in the foothills and in the plain. He had people working his fields and vineyards in the hills and in the fertile lands, for he loved the soil.
11Uzziah had a well-trained army, ready to go out by divisions according to their numbers as mustered by Jeiel the secretary and Maaseiah the officer under the direction of Hananiah, one of the royal officials.
12The total number of family leaders over the fighting men was 2,600.
13Under their command was an army of 307,500 men trained for war, a powerful force to support the king against his enemies.
14Uzziah provided shields, spears, helmets, coats of armor, bows and slingstones for the entire army.
15In Jerusalem he made devices invented for use on the towers and on the corner defenses so that soldiers could shoot arrows and hurl large stones from the walls. His fame spread far and wide, for he was greatly helped until he became powerful.
16But after Uzziah became powerful, his pride led to his downfall. He was unfaithful to the Lord his God, and entered the temple of the Lord to burn incense on the altar of incense.
17Azariah the priest with eighty other courageous priests of the Lord followed him in.
18They confronted King Uzziah and said, “It is not right for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to the Lord. That is for the priests, the descendants of Aaron, who have been consecrated to burn incense. Leave the sanctuary, for you have been unfaithful; and you will not be honored by the Lord God.”
19Uzziah, who had a censer in his hand ready to burn incense, became angry. While he was raging at the priests in their presence before the incense altar in the Lord’s temple, leprosy broke out on his forehead.
20When Azariah the chief priest and all the other priests looked at him, they saw that he had leprosy on his forehead, so they hurried him out. Indeed, he himself was eager to leave, because the Lord had afflicted him.
21King Uzziah had leprosy until the day he died. He lived in a separate house—leprous, and banned from the temple of the Lord. Jotham his son had charge of the palace and governed the people of the land.
22The other events of Uzziah’s reign, from beginning to end, are recorded by the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz.
23Uzziah rested with his ancestors and was buried near them in a cemetery that belonged to the kings, for people said, “He had leprosy.” And Jotham his son succeeded him as king.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 26.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Uzziah's good reign in Judah. (1–15). Uzziah's attempt to burn incense. (16–23).
vv1-15
As long as Uzziah sought the Lord, and minded religion, God made him to prosper. Those only prosper whom God makes to prosper; for prosperity is his gift. Many have owned, that as long as they sought the Lord, and kept close to their duty, they prospered; but when they forsook God, every thing went cross. God never continues either to bless the indolent or to withhold his blessing from the diligent. He will never suffer any to seek his face in vain. Uzziah's name was famed throughout all the neighbouring countries. A name with God and good people makes truly honourable. He did not delight in war, nor addict himself to sports, but delighted in husbandry.
vv16-23
The transgression of the kings before Uzziah was, forsaking the temple of the Lord, and burning incense upon idolatrous altars. But his transgression was, going into the holy place, and attempting to burn incense upon the altar of God. See how hard it is to avoid one extreme, and not run into another. Pride of heart was at the bottom of his sin; a lust that ruins many. Instead of lifting up the name God in gratitude to him who had done so much for him, his heart was lifted up to his hurt. Men's pretending to forbidden knowledge, and seeking things too high for them, are owing to pride of heart. The incense of our prayers must be, by faith, put into the hands of our Lord Jesus, the great High Priest of our profession, else we cannot expect it to be accepted by God, Re 8:3. Though Uzziah strove with the priests, he would not strive with his Maker. But he was punished for his transgression; he continued a leper to his death, shut out from society. The punishment answered the sin as face to face in a glass. Pride was at the bottom of his transgression, and thus God humbled him, and put dishonour upon him. Those that covet forbidden honours, forfeit allowed ones. Adam, by catching at the tree of knowledge which he might not eat of, debarred himself of the tree of life which he might have eaten of. Let all that read say, The Lord is righteous. And when the Lord sees good to throw prosperous and useful men aside, as broken vessels, if he raises up others to fill their places, they may rejoice to renounce all worldly concerns, and employ their remaining days in preparation for death.
Key Words
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
עֻזִּיָּה: Uzzijah, the name of five Israelites
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
תַּחַת: the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
Cross References
2 Chronicles 26The primary parallel account of Uzziah's (Azariah's) reign, leprosy, and co-regency with Jotham.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Documents Uzziah building/restoring Eloth (Elath) to Judah immediately following his father's death.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historic warning that no stranger, not of Aaron's seed, should offer incense before the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The corner and valley gates of Jerusalem where Uzziah built towers were previously broken by Joash.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Azariah as the courageous priest who executed his office in Solomon's temple.
Supported by JFB
Parallel record of the Lord smiting the king with leprosy and his dwelling in a separate house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic timeline marker dating Amos's ministry to the days of Uzziah and the great earthquake.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Uzziah's initial faithfulness under Zechariah with Joash's early faithfulness under Jehoiada.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Miriam's sudden outbreak of leprosy serves as the historical precedent of divine judgment for challenging authority.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law requiring a leper to dwell alone, explaining why Uzziah was isolated in a separate house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Isaiah's temple vision occurs specifically in the pivotal year that King Uzziah died.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details the royal agricultural administration and husbandry, illustrating Uzziah's love for cultivating the land.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Classic proverb describing Uzziah's trajectory: pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicitly separates Aaron and his sons to sanctify the most holy things and burn incense.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Refers to the historical panic when the people fled the massive earthquake in Uzziah's days.
Supported by JFB