Genesis 34NIV
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Genesis34

New International Version

1Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land.

2When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the ruler of that area, saw her, he took her and raped her.

3His heart was drawn to Dinah daughter of Jacob; he loved the young woman and spoke tenderly to her.

4And Shechem said to his father Hamor, “Get me this girl as my wife.”

5When Jacob heard that his daughter Dinah had been defiled, his sons were in the fields with his livestock; so he did nothing about it until they came home.

6Then Shechem’s father Hamor went out to talk with Jacob.

7Meanwhile, Jacob’s sons had come in from the fields as soon as they heard what had happened. They were shocked and furious, because Shechem had done an outrageous thing in Israel by sleeping with Jacob’s daughter—a thing that should not be done.

8But Hamor said to them, “My son Shechem has his heart set on your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife.

9Intermarry with us; give us your daughters and take our daughters for yourselves.

10You can settle among us; the land is open to you. Live in it, trade in it, and acquire property in it.”

11Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your eyes, and I will give you whatever you ask.

12Make the price for the bride and the gift I am to bring as great as you like, and I’ll pay whatever you ask me. Only give me the young woman as my wife.”

13Because their sister Dinah had been defiled, Jacob’s sons replied deceitfully as they spoke to Shechem and his father Hamor.

14They said to them, “We can’t do such a thing; we can’t give our sister to a man who is not circumcised. That would be a disgrace to us.

15We will enter into an agreement with you on one condition only: that you become like us by circumcising all your males.

16Then we will give you our daughters and take your daughters for ourselves. We’ll settle among you and become one people with you.

17But if you will not agree to be circumcised, we’ll take our sister and go.”

18Their proposal seemed good to Hamor and his son Shechem.

19The young man, who was the most honored of all his father’s family, lost no time in doing what they said, because he was delighted with Jacob’s daughter.

20So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city to speak to the men of their city.

21“These men are friendly toward us,” they said. “Let them live in our land and trade in it; the land has plenty of room for them. We can marry their daughters and they can marry ours.

22But the men will agree to live with us as one people only on the condition that our males be circumcised, as they themselves are.

23Won’t their livestock, their property and all their other animals become ours? So let us agree to their terms, and they will settle among us.”

24All the men who went out of the city gate agreed with Hamor and his son Shechem, and every male in the city was circumcised.

25Three days later, while all of them were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, took their swords and attacked the unsuspecting city, killing every male.

26They put Hamor and his son Shechem to the sword and took Dinah from Shechem’s house and left.

27The sons of Jacob came upon the dead bodies and looted the city where their sister had been defiled.

28They seized their flocks and herds and donkeys and everything else of theirs in the city and out in the fields.

29They carried off all their wealth and all their women and children, taking as plunder everything in the houses.

30Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble on me by making me obnoxious to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people living in this land. We are few in number, and if they join forces against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”

31But they replied, “Should he have treated our sister like a prostitute?”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 34.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Dinah defiled by Shechem. (1–19). The Shechemites murdered by Simeon and Levi. (20–31).

vv1-19

Young persons, especially females, are never so safe and well off as under the care of pious parents. Their own ignorance, and the flattery and artifices of designing, wicked people, who are ever laying snares for them, expose them to great danger. They are their own enemies if they desire to go abroad, especially alone, among strangers to true religion. Those parents are very wrong who do not hinder their children from needlessly exposing themselves to danger. Indulged children, like Dinah, often become a grief and shame to their families. Her pretence was, to see the daughters of the land, to see how they dressed, and how they danced, and what was fashionable among them; she went to see, yet that was not all, she went to be seen too. She went to get acquaintance with the Canaanites, and to learn their ways. See what came of Dinah's gadding. The beginning of sin is as the letting forth of water. How great a matter does a little fire kindle! We should carefully avoid all occasions of sin and approaches to it.

vv20-31

The Shechemites submitted to the sacred rite, only to serve a turn, to please their prince, and to enrich themselves, and it was just with God to bring punishment upon them. As nothing secures us better than true religion, so nothing exposes us more than religion only pretended to. But Simeon and Levi were most unrighteous. Those who act wickedly, under the pretext of religion, are the worst enemies of the truth, and harden the hearts of many to destruction. The crimes of others form no excuse for us. Alas! how one sin leads on to another, and, like flames of fire, spread desolation in every direction! Foolish pleasures lead to seduction; seduction produces wrath; wrath thirsts for revenge; the thirst of revenge has recourse to treachery; treachery issues in murder; and murder is followed by other lawless actions. Were we to trace the history of unlawful commerce between the sexes, we should find it, more than any other sin, ending in blood.

Cross References

Genesis 34

Textual origin of 'wrought folly in Israel/against Israel', referring to forbidden sexual misconduct.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Genesis 49:5thematic

Jacob's deathbed prophecy denounces Simeon and Levi as brothers in violence, referencing this massacre.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v25Genesis 49:6thematic

Jacob disavows their secret counsel and anger which led to the slaughter of the Shechemites.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v25Genesis 49:7thematic

Jacob curses their fierce anger and cruel wrath, scattering their descendants in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Joshua 7:15thematic

Parallels the specific Hebrew phrase for committing a disgraceful, covenant-breaking folly in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Exodus 22:16-17thematic

The Mosaic law regarding the dowry and marriage requirements after a virgin is seduced.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v30Genesis 35:5thematic

The terror of God prevents neighboring cities from pursuing Jacob's family after the slaughter.

Supported by JFB

v7Judges 19:23thematic

Another historical usage of the specific phrase denoting 'folly' and grave moral wickedness.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Genesis 20:15thematic

Similar idiom of offering land 'before you' to live and trade freely.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Genesis 24:53thematic

Illustrates the ancient custom of presenting costly betrothal gifts and dowry to the family.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Genesis 17:11thematic

The sign of circumcision which Jacob's sons deceptively used as a weapon.

Supported by JFB

v30Joshua 7:25thematic

Achan is told he "troubled" Israel, using the same Hebrew root Jacob uses here.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v30Exodus 5:21thematic

The term "to make me to stink" reflects Israel's later status before Pharaoh.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Acts 7:16thematic

New Testament reference using the Greek spelling Emmor for Hamor.

Supported by JFB

v72 Samuel 13:12thematic

Tamar's protest echoes the language that such a folly 'ought not to be done' in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v141 Samuel 17:26thematic

Demonstrates the historical Israelite perspective viewing the uncircumcised as a major covenantal reproach.

Supported by JFB

v30Genesis 13:7thematic

Identifies the same local inhabitants, "the Canaanite and the Perizzite," dwelling in the land.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v30Psalms 105:12thematic

Refers to the patriarchs being "few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers."

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Deuteronomy 7:3contrast

Later Mosaic law strictly forbidding the very intermarriages Hamor proposes here.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v20Genesis 23:10thematic

Parallels the city gate as the central place of public transaction and consensus in Canaan.

Supported by JFB

v23John 6:26contrast

Parallel to seeking religion only for material gain (meat, wealth, and substance).

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Genesis 34:13thematic

Connects the brothers' ultimate violent actions to their initial deceitful response.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v1Genesis 30:21thematic

The birth of Dinah to Leah, establishing her identity and parentage.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Hosea 2:14thematic

Uses the same Hebrew idiom of speaking kindly ('speaking to the heart') to win affection.

Supported by Matthew Poole, Calvin

v30Proverbs 15:27thematic

He that is greedy of gain troubles his own house; matches the Shechemites' greed.

Supported by Matthew Henry