Genesis34
New Living Translation
1One day Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, went to visit some of the young women who lived in the area.
2But when the local prince, Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, saw Dinah, he seized her and raped her.
3But then he fell in love with her, and he tried to win her affection with tender words.
4He said to his father, Hamor, “Get me this young girl. I want to marry her.”
5Soon Jacob heard that Shechem had defiled his daughter, Dinah. But since his sons were out in the fields herding his livestock, he said nothing until they returned.
6Hamor, Shechem’s father, came to discuss the matter with Jacob.
7Meanwhile, Jacob’s sons had come in from the field as soon as they heard what had happened. They were shocked and furious that their sister had been raped. Shechem had done a disgraceful thing against Jacob’s family, something that should never be done.
8Hamor tried to speak with Jacob and his sons. “My son Shechem is truly in love with your daughter,” he said. “Please let him marry her.
9In fact, let’s arrange other marriages, too. You give us your daughters for our sons, and we will give you our daughters for your sons.
10And you may live among us; the land is open to you! Settle here and trade with us. And feel free to buy property in the area.”
11Then Shechem himself spoke to Dinah’s father and brothers. “Please be kind to me, and let me marry her,” he begged. “I will give you whatever you ask.
12No matter what dowry or gift you demand, I will gladly pay it—just give me the girl as my wife.”
13But since Shechem had defiled their sister, Dinah, Jacob’s sons responded deceitfully to Shechem and his father, Hamor.
14They said to them, “We couldn’t possibly allow this, because you’re not circumcised. It would be a disgrace for our sister to marry a man like you!
15But here is a solution. If every man among you will be circumcised like we are,
16then we will give you our daughters, and we’ll take your daughters for ourselves. We will live among you and become one people.
17But if you don’t agree to be circumcised, we will take her and be on our way.”
18Hamor and his son Shechem agreed to their proposal.
19Shechem wasted no time in acting on this request, for he wanted Jacob’s daughter desperately. Shechem was a highly respected member of his family,
20and he went with his father, Hamor, to present this proposal to the leaders at the town gate.
21“These men are our friends,” they said. “Let’s invite them to live here among us and trade freely. Look, the land is large enough to hold them. We can take their daughters as wives and let them marry ours.
22But they will consider staying here and becoming one people with us only if all of our men are circumcised, just as they are.
23But if we do this, all their livestock and possessions will eventually be ours. Come, let’s agree to their terms and let them settle here among us.”
24So all the men in the town council agreed with Hamor and Shechem, and every male in the town was circumcised.
25But three days later, when their wounds were still sore, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, who were Dinah’s full brothers, took their swords and entered the town without opposition. Then they slaughtered every male there,
26including Hamor and his son Shechem. They killed them with their swords, then took Dinah from Shechem’s house and returned to their camp.
27Meanwhile, the rest of Jacob’s sons arrived. Finding the men slaughtered, they plundered the town because their sister had been defiled there.
28They seized all the flocks and herds and donkeys—everything they could lay their hands on, both inside the town and outside in the fields.
29They looted all their wealth and plundered their houses. They also took all their little children and wives and led them away as captives.
30Afterward Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have ruined me! You’ve made me stink among all the people of this land—among all the Canaanites and Perizzites. We are so few that they will join forces and crush us. I will be ruined, and my entire household will be wiped out!”
31“But why should we let him treat our sister like a prostitute?” they retorted angrily.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 34.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Dinah defiled by Shechem. (1–19). The Shechemites murdered by Simeon and Levi. (20–31).
vv1-19
Young persons, especially females, are never so safe and well off as under the care of pious parents. Their own ignorance, and the flattery and artifices of designing, wicked people, who are ever laying snares for them, expose them to great danger. They are their own enemies if they desire to go abroad, especially alone, among strangers to true religion. Those parents are very wrong who do not hinder their children from needlessly exposing themselves to danger. Indulged children, like Dinah, often become a grief and shame to their families. Her pretence was, to see the daughters of the land, to see how they dressed, and how they danced, and what was fashionable among them; she went to see, yet that was not all, she went to be seen too. She went to get acquaintance with the Canaanites, and to learn their ways. See what came of Dinah's gadding. The beginning of sin is as the letting forth of water. How great a matter does a little fire kindle! We should carefully avoid all occasions of sin and approaches to it.
vv20-31
The Shechemites submitted to the sacred rite, only to serve a turn, to please their prince, and to enrich themselves, and it was just with God to bring punishment upon them. As nothing secures us better than true religion, so nothing exposes us more than religion only pretended to. But Simeon and Levi were most unrighteous. Those who act wickedly, under the pretext of religion, are the worst enemies of the truth, and harden the hearts of many to destruction. The crimes of others form no excuse for us. Alas! how one sin leads on to another, and, like flames of fire, spread desolation in every direction! Foolish pleasures lead to seduction; seduction produces wrath; wrath thirsts for revenge; the thirst of revenge has recourse to treachery; treachery issues in murder; and murder is followed by other lawless actions. Were we to trace the history of unlawful commerce between the sexes, we should find it, more than any other sin, ending in blood.
Key Words
דִּינָה: Dinah, the daughter of Jacob
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
לֵאָה: Leah, a wife of Jacob
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
יַעֲקֹב: Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
יָצָא: to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
שְׁכֶם: Shekem, a place in Palestine
Cross References
Genesis 34Textual origin of 'wrought folly in Israel/against Israel', referring to forbidden sexual misconduct.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob's deathbed prophecy denounces Simeon and Levi as brothers in violence, referencing this massacre.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jacob disavows their secret counsel and anger which led to the slaughter of the Shechemites.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jacob curses their fierce anger and cruel wrath, scattering their descendants in Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels the specific Hebrew phrase for committing a disgraceful, covenant-breaking folly in Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law regarding the dowry and marriage requirements after a virgin is seduced.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The terror of God prevents neighboring cities from pursuing Jacob's family after the slaughter.
Supported by JFB
Another historical usage of the specific phrase denoting 'folly' and grave moral wickedness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Similar idiom of offering land 'before you' to live and trade freely.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the ancient custom of presenting costly betrothal gifts and dowry to the family.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The sign of circumcision which Jacob's sons deceptively used as a weapon.
Supported by JFB
Achan is told he "troubled" Israel, using the same Hebrew root Jacob uses here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The term "to make me to stink" reflects Israel's later status before Pharaoh.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament reference using the Greek spelling Emmor for Hamor.
Supported by JFB
Tamar's protest echoes the language that such a folly 'ought not to be done' in Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Demonstrates the historical Israelite perspective viewing the uncircumcised as a major covenantal reproach.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the same local inhabitants, "the Canaanite and the Perizzite," dwelling in the land.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Refers to the patriarchs being "few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Later Mosaic law strictly forbidding the very intermarriages Hamor proposes here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the city gate as the central place of public transaction and consensus in Canaan.
Supported by JFB
Parallel to seeking religion only for material gain (meat, wealth, and substance).
Supported by Matthew Henry
Connects the brothers' ultimate violent actions to their initial deceitful response.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The birth of Dinah to Leah, establishing her identity and parentage.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Uses the same Hebrew idiom of speaking kindly ('speaking to the heart') to win affection.
Supported by Matthew Poole, Calvin
He that is greedy of gain troubles his own house; matches the Shechemites' greed.
Supported by Matthew Henry