Acts12
New King James Version
1Now about that time Herod the king stretched out his hand to harass some from the church.
2Then he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
3And because he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to seize Peter also. Now it was during the Days of Unleavened Bread.
4So when he had arrested him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four squads of soldiers to keep him, intending to bring him before the people after Passover.
5Peter was therefore kept in prison, but constant prayer was offered to God for him by the church.
6And when Herod was about to bring him out, that night Peter was sleeping, bound with two chains between two soldiers; and the guards before the door were keeping the prison.
7Now behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shone in the prison; and he struck Peter on the side and raised him up, saying, “Arise quickly!” And his chains fell off his hands.
8Then the angel said to him, “Gird yourself and tie on your sandals”; and so he did. And he said to him, “Put on your garment and follow me.”
9So he went out and followed him, and did not know that what was done by the angel was real, but thought he was seeing a vision.
10When they were past the first and the second guard posts, they came to the iron gate that leads to the city, which opened to them of its own accord; and they went out and went down one street, and immediately the angel departed from him.
11And when Peter had come to himself, he said, “Now I know for certain that the Lord has sent His angel, and has delivered me from the hand of Herod and from all the expectation of the Jewish people.”
12So, when he had considered this, he came to the house of Mary, the mother of John whose surname was Mark, where many were gathered together praying.
13And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a girl named Rhoda came to answer.
14When she recognized Peter’s voice, because of her gladness she did not open the gate, but ran in and announced that Peter stood before the gate.
15But they said to her, “You are beside yourself!” Yet she kept insisting that it was so. So they said, “It is his angel.”
16Now Peter continued knocking; and when they opened the door and saw him, they were astonished.
17But motioning to them with his hand to keep silent, he declared to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, “Go, tell these things to James and to the brethren.” And he departed and went to another place.
18Then, as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers about what had become of Peter.
19But when Herod had searched for him and not found him, he examined the guards and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judea to Caesarea, and stayed there.
20Now Herod had been very angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon; but they came to him with one accord, and having made Blastus the king’s personal aide their friend, they asked for peace, because their country was supplied with food by the king’s country.
21So on a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat on his throne and gave an oration to them.
22And the people kept shouting, “The voice of a god and not of a man!”
23Then immediately an angel of the Lord struck him, because he did not give glory to God. And he was eaten by worms and died.
24But the word of God grew and multiplied.
25And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem when they had fulfilled their ministry, and they also took with them John whose surname was Mark.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Acts 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The martyrdom of James, and the imprisonment of Peter. (1–5). He is delivered from prison by an angel. (6–11). Peter departs, Herod's rage. (12–19). The death of Herod. (20–25).
vv1-5
James was one of the sons of Zebedee, whom Christ told that they should drink of the cup that he was to drink of, and be baptized with the baptism that he was to be baptized with, Mt 20:23. Now the words of Christ were made good in him; and if we suffer with Christ, we shall reign with him. Herod imprisoned Peter: the way of persecution, as of other sins, is downhill; when men are in it, they cannot easily stop. Those make themselves an easy prey to Satan, who make it their business to please men. Thus James finished his course. But Peter, being designed for further services, was safe; though he seemed now marked out for a speedy sacrifice. We that live in a cold, prayerless generation, can hardly form an idea of the earnestness of these holy men of old. But if the Lord should bring on the church an awful persecution like this of Herod, the faithful in Christ would learn what soul-felt prayer is.
vv6-11
A peaceful conscience, a lively hope, and the consolations of the Holy Spirit, can keep men calm in the full prospect of death; even those very persons who have been most distracted with terrors on that account. God's time to help, is when things are brought to the last extremity. Peter was assured that the Lord would cause this trial to end in the way that should be most for his glory. Those who are delivered out of spiritual imprisonment must follow their Deliverer, like the Israelites when they went out of the house of bondage. They knew not whither they went, but knew whom they followed. When God will work salvation for his people, all difficulties in their way will be overcome, even gates of iron are made to open of their own accord. This deliverance of Peter represents our redemption by Christ, which not only proclaims liberty to the captives, but brings them out of the prison-house. Peter, when he recollected himself, perceived what great things God had done for him. Thus souls delivered out of spiritual bondage, are not at first aware what God has wrought in them; many have the truth of grace, that want evidence of it. But when the Comforter comes, whom the Father will send, sooner or later, he will let them know what a blessed change is wrought.
vv12-19
God's providence leaves room for the use of our prudence, though he has undertaken to perform and perfect what he has begun. These Christians continued in prayer for Peter, for they were truly in earnest. Thus men ought always to pray, and not to faint. As long as we are kept waiting for a mercy, we must continue praying for it. But sometimes that which we most earnestly wish for, we are most backward to believe. The Christian law of self-denial and of suffering for Christ, has not done away the natural law of caring for our own safety by lawful means. In times of public danger, all believers have God for their hiding-place; which is so secret, that the world cannot find them. Also, the instruments of persecution are themselves exposed to danger; the wrath of God hangs over all that engage in this hateful work. And the range of persecutors often vents itself on all in its way.
Key Words
ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos): that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
καιρός (kairós): an occasion, i.e. set or proper time
Ἡρώδης (Hērṓdēs): heroic; Herod, the name of four Jewish kings
βασιλεύς (basileús): a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively)
ἐπιβάλλω (epibállō): to throw upon (literal or figurative, transitive or reflexive; usually with more or less force); specially (with G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ) implied) to reflect; impersonally, to belong to
κακόω (kakóō): to injure; figuratively, to exasperate
χείρ (cheír): the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by Hebraism) a means or instrument)
τὶς (tìs): some or any person or object
ἀπό (apó): "off," i.e. away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía): a calling out, i.e. (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (Jewish synagogue, or Christian community of members on earth or saints in heaven or both)
Cross References
Acts 12Fulfills Christ's prediction that James would indeed drink of the cup of martyrdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Jewish beliefs about individual guardian angels, as seen in the disciples' reaction: 'It is his angel.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
An earlier parallel where an angel of the Lord miraculously opened the prison doors for the apostles.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the historic economic dependence of Tyre and Sidon on Israel's agricultural exports.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Demonstrates God's immediate judgment on pagan rulers who claim divine honor and prideful sovereignty.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Exhorts believers to remember those in prison as if they were bound with them.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Introduces John Mark, whose mother's home was the prayer meeting site, foreshadowing future ministry division.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies John Mark, the son of Mary, who joins Barnabas and Saul on their return.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects the angel of the Lord bringing judgment to the historical Passover context of the chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Highlights the principle of divine intervention when his people's power is completely gone.
Supported by JFB
Refers to the relief ministry just fulfilled by Barnabas and Saul in Jerusalem before returning.
Supported by John Calvin
The angel's specific instruction to wear sandals matches the simple provisions of the apostolic mission.
Supported by JFB