Job41
New Living Translation
1 “Can you catch Leviathan with a hook or put a noose around its jaw?
2 Can you tie it with a rope through the nose or pierce its jaw with a spike?
3 Will it beg you for mercy or implore you for pity?
4 Will it agree to work for you, to be your slave for life?
5 Can you make it a pet like a bird, or give it to your little girls to play with?
6 Will merchants try to buy it to sell it in their shops?
7 Will its hide be hurt by spears or its head by a harpoon?
8 If you lay a hand on it, you will certainly remember the battle that follows. You won’t try that again!
9 No, it is useless to try to capture it. The hunter who attempts it will be knocked down.
10 And since no one dares to disturb it, who then can stand up to me?
11 Who has given me anything that I need to pay back? Everything under heaven is mine.
12 “I want to emphasize Leviathan’s limbs and its enormous strength and graceful form.
13 Who can strip off its hide, and who can penetrate its double layer of armor?
14 Who could pry open its jaws? For its teeth are terrible!
15 The scales on its back are like rows of shields tightly sealed together.
16 They are so close together that no air can get between them.
17 Each scale sticks tight to the next. They interlock and cannot be penetrated.
18 “When it sneezes, it flashes light! Its eyes are like the red of dawn.
19 Lightning leaps from its mouth; flames of fire flash out.
20 Smoke streams from its nostrils like steam from a pot heated over burning rushes.
21 Its breath would kindle coals, for flames shoot from its mouth.
22 “The tremendous strength in Leviathan’s neck strikes terror wherever it goes.
23 Its flesh is hard and firm and cannot be penetrated.
24 Its heart is hard as rock, hard as a millstone.
25 When it rises, the mighty are afraid, gripped by terror.
26 No sword can stop it, no spear, dart, or javelin.
27 Iron is nothing but straw to that creature, and bronze is like rotten wood.
28 Arrows cannot make it flee. Stones shot from a sling are like bits of grass.
29 Clubs are like a blade of grass, and it laughs at the swish of javelins.
30 Its belly is covered with scales as sharp as glass. It plows up the ground as it drags through the mud.
31 “Leviathan makes the water boil with its commotion. It stirs the depths like a pot of ointment.
32 The water glistens in its wake, making the sea look white.
33 Nothing on earth is its equal, no other creature so fearless.
34 Of all the creatures, it is the proudest. It is the king of beasts.”
Study
Job 41Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 41. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Concerning Leviathan. (1-34).
vv1-34
—The description of the Leviathan, is yet further to convince Job of his own weakness, and of God's almighty power. Whether this Leviathan be a whale or a crocodile, is disputed. The Lord, having showed Job how unable he was to deal with the Leviathan, sets forth his own power in that mighty creature. If such language describes the terrible force of Leviathan, what words can express the power of God's wrath? Under a humbling sense of our own vileness, let us revere the Divine Majesty; take and fill our allotted place, cease from our own wisdom, and give all glory to our gracious God and Saviour. Remembering from whom every good gift cometh, and for what end it was given, let us walk humbly with the Lord.
Key Words
מָשַׁךְ: to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)
לִוְיָתָן: a wreathed animal, i.e. a serpent (especially the crocodile or some other large sea-monster); figuratively, the constellation of the dragon; also as a symbol of Babylon
חַכָּה: a hook (as adhering)
שָׁקַע: to subside; by implication, to be overflowed, cease; causatively, to abate, subdue
לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)
חֶבֶל: a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe (especially of parturition); also ruin
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
אַגְמוֹן: a bulrush (as growing there); collectively a rope of bulrushes
אַף: properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
נָקַב: to puncture, literally (to perforate, with more or less violence) or figuratively (to specify, designate, libel)
Cross References
Job 41Paul echoes this verse to show God is under obligation to no man for his sovereign gifts.
Supported by JFB
Explicit biblical mention of Leviathan playing in the deep, showing God's creative design.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Leviathan as a symbol/type of oppressive worldly powers (like Egypt's Pharaoh) crushed by God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Leviathan depicted as the piercing, crooked serpent that the Lord will punish with His sore sword.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic imagery of putting hooks in the jaws of the great river monster (Pharaoh/Egypt).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God puts His hook in Sennacherib's nose, treating a proud king like a subdued beast.
Supported by JFB
Pharaoh is compared to the great dragon (crocodile) in the rivers, embodying pride and sovereignty.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Refers to those skilled in mourning who are ready to rouse up Leviathan.
Supported by JFB
Parallel warning against rousing a fierce, sleeping beast (a lion), illustrating the danger of Leviathan.
Supported by JFB
Affirms God's absolute ownership of the whole earth, establishing His sovereign authority over creation.
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Poetic imagery of smoke and consuming fire from the nostrils/mouth of God in His wrath.
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The law of taking a servant 'for ever', contrasting with Leviathan's absolute untamability.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Similar rhetorical question about binding a wild beast (the unicorn) to serve human purposes.
Supported by JFB
The poor use entreaties, but the mighty beast will never make soft supplications.
Supported by Matthew Poole
If a mere creature cannot be opposed, how much more must men serve God with fear.
Supported by JFB
Compares Leviathan's unique supremacy to Behemoth as the chief of the ways of God.
Supported by JFB