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Job41

New Living Translation

1“Can you catch Leviathan with a hook or put a noose around its jaw?

2Can you tie it with a rope through the nose or pierce its jaw with a spike?

3Will it beg you for mercy or implore you for pity?

4Will it agree to work for you, to be your slave for life?

5Can you make it a pet like a bird, or give it to your little girls to play with?

6Will merchants try to buy it to sell it in their shops?

7Will its hide be hurt by spears or its head by a harpoon?

8If you lay a hand on it, you will certainly remember the battle that follows. You won’t try that again!

9No, it is useless to try to capture it. The hunter who attempts it will be knocked down.

10And since no one dares to disturb it, who then can stand up to me?

11Who has given me anything that I need to pay back? Everything under heaven is mine.

12“I want to emphasize Leviathan’s limbs and its enormous strength and graceful form.

13Who can strip off its hide, and who can penetrate its double layer of armor?

14Who could pry open its jaws? For its teeth are terrible!

15The scales on its back are like rows of shields tightly sealed together.

16They are so close together that no air can get between them.

17Each scale sticks tight to the next. They interlock and cannot be penetrated.

18“When it sneezes, it flashes light! Its eyes are like the red of dawn.

19Lightning leaps from its mouth; flames of fire flash out.

20Smoke streams from its nostrils like steam from a pot heated over burning rushes.

21Its breath would kindle coals, for flames shoot from its mouth.

22“The tremendous strength in Leviathan’s neck strikes terror wherever it goes.

23Its flesh is hard and firm and cannot be penetrated.

24Its heart is hard as rock, hard as a millstone.

25When it rises, the mighty are afraid, gripped by terror.

26No sword can stop it, no spear, dart, or javelin.

27Iron is nothing but straw to that creature, and bronze is like rotten wood.

28Arrows cannot make it flee. Stones shot from a sling are like bits of grass.

29Clubs are like a blade of grass, and it laughs at the swish of javelins.

30Its belly is covered with scales as sharp as glass. It plows up the ground as it drags through the mud.

31“Leviathan makes the water boil with its commotion. It stirs the depths like a pot of ointment.

32The water glistens in its wake, making the sea look white.

33Nothing on earth is its equal, no other creature so fearless.

34Of all the creatures, it is the proudest. It is the king of beasts.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 41.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Concerning Leviathan. (1-34).

vv1-34

—The description of the Leviathan, is yet further to convince Job of his own weakness, and of God's almighty power. Whether this Leviathan be a whale or a crocodile, is disputed. The Lord, having showed Job how unable he was to deal with the Leviathan, sets forth his own power in that mighty creature. If such language describes the terrible force of Leviathan, what words can express the power of God's wrath? Under a humbling sense of our own vileness, let us revere the Divine Majesty; take and fill our allotted place, cease from our own wisdom, and give all glory to our gracious God and Saviour. Remembering from whom every good gift cometh, and for what end it was given, let us walk humbly with the Lord.

Key Words

draw outH4900Hebrew

מָשַׁךְ: to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)

LeviathanH3882Hebrew

לִוְיָתָן: a wreathed animal, i.e. a serpent (especially the crocodile or some other large sea-monster); figuratively, the constellation of the dragon; also as a symbol of Babylon

fishhookH2443Hebrew

חַכָּה: a hook (as adhering)

press downH8257Hebrew

שָׁקַע: to subside; by implication, to be overflowed, cease; causatively, to abate, subdue

tongueH3956Hebrew

לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)

cordH2256Hebrew

חֶבֶל: a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe (especially of parturition); also ruin

putH7760Hebrew

שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

ropeH100Hebrew

אַגְמוֹן: a bulrush (as growing there); collectively a rope of bulrushes

noseH639Hebrew

אַף: properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

pierceH5344Hebrew

נָקַב: to puncture, literally (to perforate, with more or less violence) or figuratively (to specify, designate, libel)

Cross References

Job 41
v11Romans 11:35thematic

Paul echoes this verse to show God is under obligation to no man for his sovereign gifts.

Supported by JFB

v1Psalms 104:26thematic

Explicit biblical mention of Leviathan playing in the deep, showing God's creative design.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Psalms 74:14thematic

Identifies Leviathan as a symbol/type of oppressive worldly powers (like Egypt's Pharaoh) crushed by God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Isaiah 27:1thematic

Leviathan depicted as the piercing, crooked serpent that the Lord will punish with His sore sword.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Ezekiel 29:4thematic

Prophetic imagery of putting hooks in the jaws of the great river monster (Pharaoh/Egypt).

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Isaiah 37:29thematic

God puts His hook in Sennacherib's nose, treating a proud king like a subdued beast.

Supported by JFB

v34Ezekiel 29:3thematic

Pharaoh is compared to the great dragon (crocodile) in the rivers, embodying pride and sovereignty.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Job 3:8thematic

Refers to those skilled in mourning who are ready to rouse up Leviathan.

Supported by JFB

v10Genesis 49:9thematic

Parallel warning against rousing a fierce, sleeping beast (a lion), illustrating the danger of Leviathan.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 19:5thematic

Affirms God's absolute ownership of the whole earth, establishing His sovereign authority over creation.

Supported by JFB

v19Psalms 18:8thematic

Poetic imagery of smoke and consuming fire from the nostrils/mouth of God in His wrath.

Supported by JFB

The law of taking a servant 'for ever', contrasting with Leviathan's absolute untamability.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Job 39:10thematic

Similar rhetorical question about binding a wild beast (the unicorn) to serve human purposes.

Supported by JFB

v3Proverbs 18:23contrast

The poor use entreaties, but the mighty beast will never make soft supplications.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Psalms 2:11thematic

If a mere creature cannot be opposed, how much more must men serve God with fear.

Supported by JFB

v33Job 40:19thematic

Compares Leviathan's unique supremacy to Behemoth as the chief of the ways of God.

Supported by JFB