Job41
New International Version
1“Can you pull in Leviathan with a fishhook or tie down its tongue with a rope?
2Can you put a cord through its nose or pierce its jaw with a hook?
3Will it keep begging you for mercy? Will it speak to you with gentle words?
4Will it make an agreement with you for you to take it as your slave for life?
5Can you make a pet of it like a bird or put it on a leash for the young women in your house?
6Will traders barter for it? Will they divide it up among the merchants?
7Can you fill its hide with harpoons or its head with fishing spears?
8If you lay a hand on it, you will remember the struggle and never do it again!
9Any hope of subduing it is false; the mere sight of it is overpowering.
10No one is fierce enough to rouse it. Who then is able to stand against me?
11Who has a claim against me that I must pay? Everything under heaven belongs to me.
12“I will not fail to speak of Leviathan’s limbs, its strength and its graceful form.
13Who can strip off its outer coat? Who can penetrate its double coat of armor?
14Who dares open the doors of its mouth, ringed about with fearsome teeth?
15Its back has rows of shields tightly sealed together;
16each is so close to the next that no air can pass between.
17They are joined fast to one another; they cling together and cannot be parted.
18Its snorting throws out flashes of light; its eyes are like the rays of dawn.
19Flames stream from its mouth; sparks of fire shoot out.
20Smoke pours from its nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning reeds.
21Its breath sets coals ablaze, and flames dart from its mouth.
22Strength resides in its neck; dismay goes before it.
23The folds of its flesh are tightly joined; they are firm and immovable.
24Its chest is hard as rock, hard as a lower millstone.
25When it rises up, the mighty are terrified; they retreat before its thrashing.
26The sword that reaches it has no effect, nor does the spear or the dart or the javelin.
27Iron it treats like straw and bronze like rotten wood.
28Arrows do not make it flee; slingstones are like chaff to it.
29A club seems to it but a piece of straw; it laughs at the rattling of the lance.
30Its undersides are jagged potsherds, leaving a trail in the mud like a threshing sledge.
31It makes the depths churn like a boiling caldron and stirs up the sea like a pot of ointment.
32It leaves a glistening wake behind it; one would think the deep had white hair.
33Nothing on earth is its equal— a creature without fear.
34It looks down on all that are haughty; it is king over all that are proud.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 41.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Concerning Leviathan. (1-34).
vv1-34
—The description of the Leviathan, is yet further to convince Job of his own weakness, and of God's almighty power. Whether this Leviathan be a whale or a crocodile, is disputed. The Lord, having showed Job how unable he was to deal with the Leviathan, sets forth his own power in that mighty creature. If such language describes the terrible force of Leviathan, what words can express the power of God's wrath? Under a humbling sense of our own vileness, let us revere the Divine Majesty; take and fill our allotted place, cease from our own wisdom, and give all glory to our gracious God and Saviour. Remembering from whom every good gift cometh, and for what end it was given, let us walk humbly with the Lord.
Key Words
מָשַׁךְ: to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)
לִוְיָתָן: a wreathed animal, i.e. a serpent (especially the crocodile or some other large sea-monster); figuratively, the constellation of the dragon; also as a symbol of Babylon
חַכָּה: a hook (as adhering)
שָׁקַע: to subside; by implication, to be overflowed, cease; causatively, to abate, subdue
לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)
חֶבֶל: a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe (especially of parturition); also ruin
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
אַגְמוֹן: a bulrush (as growing there); collectively a rope of bulrushes
אַף: properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
נָקַב: to puncture, literally (to perforate, with more or less violence) or figuratively (to specify, designate, libel)
Cross References
Job 41Paul echoes this verse to show God is under obligation to no man for his sovereign gifts.
Supported by JFB
Explicit biblical mention of Leviathan playing in the deep, showing God's creative design.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Leviathan as a symbol/type of oppressive worldly powers (like Egypt's Pharaoh) crushed by God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Leviathan depicted as the piercing, crooked serpent that the Lord will punish with His sore sword.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic imagery of putting hooks in the jaws of the great river monster (Pharaoh/Egypt).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God puts His hook in Sennacherib's nose, treating a proud king like a subdued beast.
Supported by JFB
Pharaoh is compared to the great dragon (crocodile) in the rivers, embodying pride and sovereignty.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Refers to those skilled in mourning who are ready to rouse up Leviathan.
Supported by JFB
Parallel warning against rousing a fierce, sleeping beast (a lion), illustrating the danger of Leviathan.
Supported by JFB
Affirms God's absolute ownership of the whole earth, establishing His sovereign authority over creation.
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Poetic imagery of smoke and consuming fire from the nostrils/mouth of God in His wrath.
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The law of taking a servant 'for ever', contrasting with Leviathan's absolute untamability.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Similar rhetorical question about binding a wild beast (the unicorn) to serve human purposes.
Supported by JFB
The poor use entreaties, but the mighty beast will never make soft supplications.
Supported by Matthew Poole
If a mere creature cannot be opposed, how much more must men serve God with fear.
Supported by JFB
Compares Leviathan's unique supremacy to Behemoth as the chief of the ways of God.
Supported by JFB