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Job41

New International Version

1“Can you pull in Leviathan with a fishhook or tie down its tongue with a rope?

2Can you put a cord through its nose or pierce its jaw with a hook?

3Will it keep begging you for mercy? Will it speak to you with gentle words?

4Will it make an agreement with you for you to take it as your slave for life?

5Can you make a pet of it like a bird or put it on a leash for the young women in your house?

6Will traders barter for it? Will they divide it up among the merchants?

7Can you fill its hide with harpoons or its head with fishing spears?

8If you lay a hand on it, you will remember the struggle and never do it again!

9Any hope of subduing it is false; the mere sight of it is overpowering.

10No one is fierce enough to rouse it. Who then is able to stand against me?

11Who has a claim against me that I must pay? Everything under heaven belongs to me.

12“I will not fail to speak of Leviathan’s limbs, its strength and its graceful form.

13Who can strip off its outer coat? Who can penetrate its double coat of armor?

14Who dares open the doors of its mouth, ringed about with fearsome teeth?

15Its back has rows of shields tightly sealed together;

16each is so close to the next that no air can pass between.

17They are joined fast to one another; they cling together and cannot be parted.

18Its snorting throws out flashes of light; its eyes are like the rays of dawn.

19Flames stream from its mouth; sparks of fire shoot out.

20Smoke pours from its nostrils as from a boiling pot over burning reeds.

21Its breath sets coals ablaze, and flames dart from its mouth.

22Strength resides in its neck; dismay goes before it.

23The folds of its flesh are tightly joined; they are firm and immovable.

24Its chest is hard as rock, hard as a lower millstone.

25When it rises up, the mighty are terrified; they retreat before its thrashing.

26The sword that reaches it has no effect, nor does the spear or the dart or the javelin.

27Iron it treats like straw and bronze like rotten wood.

28Arrows do not make it flee; slingstones are like chaff to it.

29A club seems to it but a piece of straw; it laughs at the rattling of the lance.

30Its undersides are jagged potsherds, leaving a trail in the mud like a threshing sledge.

31It makes the depths churn like a boiling caldron and stirs up the sea like a pot of ointment.

32It leaves a glistening wake behind it; one would think the deep had white hair.

33Nothing on earth is its equal— a creature without fear.

34It looks down on all that are haughty; it is king over all that are proud.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 41.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Concerning Leviathan. (1-34).

vv1-34

—The description of the Leviathan, is yet further to convince Job of his own weakness, and of God's almighty power. Whether this Leviathan be a whale or a crocodile, is disputed. The Lord, having showed Job how unable he was to deal with the Leviathan, sets forth his own power in that mighty creature. If such language describes the terrible force of Leviathan, what words can express the power of God's wrath? Under a humbling sense of our own vileness, let us revere the Divine Majesty; take and fill our allotted place, cease from our own wisdom, and give all glory to our gracious God and Saviour. Remembering from whom every good gift cometh, and for what end it was given, let us walk humbly with the Lord.

Key Words

draw outH4900Hebrew

מָשַׁךְ: to draw, used in a great variety of applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall, etc.)

LeviathanH3882Hebrew

לִוְיָתָן: a wreathed animal, i.e. a serpent (especially the crocodile or some other large sea-monster); figuratively, the constellation of the dragon; also as a symbol of Babylon

fishhookH2443Hebrew

חַכָּה: a hook (as adhering)

press downH8257Hebrew

שָׁקַע: to subside; by implication, to be overflowed, cease; causatively, to abate, subdue

tongueH3956Hebrew

לָשׁוֹן: the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of water)

cordH2256Hebrew

חֶבֶל: a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe (especially of parturition); also ruin

putH7760Hebrew

שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

ropeH100Hebrew

אַגְמוֹן: a bulrush (as growing there); collectively a rope of bulrushes

noseH639Hebrew

אַף: properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

pierceH5344Hebrew

נָקַב: to puncture, literally (to perforate, with more or less violence) or figuratively (to specify, designate, libel)

Cross References

Job 41
v11Romans 11:35thematic

Paul echoes this verse to show God is under obligation to no man for his sovereign gifts.

Supported by JFB

v1Psalms 104:26thematic

Explicit biblical mention of Leviathan playing in the deep, showing God's creative design.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Psalms 74:14thematic

Identifies Leviathan as a symbol/type of oppressive worldly powers (like Egypt's Pharaoh) crushed by God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Isaiah 27:1thematic

Leviathan depicted as the piercing, crooked serpent that the Lord will punish with His sore sword.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Ezekiel 29:4thematic

Prophetic imagery of putting hooks in the jaws of the great river monster (Pharaoh/Egypt).

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Isaiah 37:29thematic

God puts His hook in Sennacherib's nose, treating a proud king like a subdued beast.

Supported by JFB

v34Ezekiel 29:3thematic

Pharaoh is compared to the great dragon (crocodile) in the rivers, embodying pride and sovereignty.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Job 3:8thematic

Refers to those skilled in mourning who are ready to rouse up Leviathan.

Supported by JFB

v10Genesis 49:9thematic

Parallel warning against rousing a fierce, sleeping beast (a lion), illustrating the danger of Leviathan.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 19:5thematic

Affirms God's absolute ownership of the whole earth, establishing His sovereign authority over creation.

Supported by JFB

v19Psalms 18:8thematic

Poetic imagery of smoke and consuming fire from the nostrils/mouth of God in His wrath.

Supported by JFB

The law of taking a servant 'for ever', contrasting with Leviathan's absolute untamability.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Job 39:10thematic

Similar rhetorical question about binding a wild beast (the unicorn) to serve human purposes.

Supported by JFB

v3Proverbs 18:23contrast

The poor use entreaties, but the mighty beast will never make soft supplications.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Psalms 2:11thematic

If a mere creature cannot be opposed, how much more must men serve God with fear.

Supported by JFB

v33Job 40:19thematic

Compares Leviathan's unique supremacy to Behemoth as the chief of the ways of God.

Supported by JFB