Romans 1ESV
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Romans1

English Standard Version

1 , a of , to be an , set of ,

2 he the ,

3 , was from to the

4and was to be the of to the of his from the , ,

5 we have to the of for the of the ,

6 to belong to ,

7To who are by and to be : to the .

8 , I of , is in .

9 , I the of ,

10 , that I may at in .

11 I to , I may to

12 , that we may be , .

13I do not to be , , I have to ( thus far have been ), in as well the of the .

14I to to , to the to the .

15 I to to who are .

16 I of the , it the of to who , to the to the .

17 in the of is , it is , The shall .

18 the of is of , who their the .

19 what can be about to , has it to .

20 , , , have been , ever the of the , in the things that have been . .

21For they , they did him to him, they , and were .

22 to , they ,

23and the of the .

24 the of , to the of ,

25because the about a the rather the , ! .

26 reason . those that are to ;

27 the with and were for , the .

28 they to , a to what to be .

29They were with manner of , , , . They are of , , , , . They are ,

30 , haters of , , , , of , to ,

31 , , , .

32Though they righteous those such to , they them to those who them.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Romans 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The apostle's commission. (1–7). Prays for the saints at Rome, and expresses his desire to see them. (8–15). The gospel way of justification by faith, for Jews and Gentiles. (16, 17). The sins of the Gentiles set forth. (18–32).

vv1-7

The doctrine of which the apostle Paul wrote, set forth the fulfilment of the promises by the prophets. It spoke of the Son of God, even Jesus the Saviour, the promised Messiah, who came from David as to his human nature, but was also declared to be the Son of God, by the Divine power which raised him from the dead. The Christian profession does not consist in a notional knowledge or a bare assent, much less in perverse disputings, but in obedience. And all those, and those only, are brought to obedience of the faith, who are effectually called of Jesus Christ. Here is, 1. The privilege of Christians; they are beloved of God, and are members of that body which is beloved. 2. The duty of Christians; to be holy, hereunto are they called, called to be saints. These the apostle saluted, by wishing them grace to sanctify their souls, and peace to comfort their hearts, as springing from the free mercy of God, the reconciled Father of all believers, and coming to them through the Lord Jesus Christ.

vv8-15

We must show love for our friends, not only by praying for them, but by praising God for them. As in our purposes, so in our desires, we must remember to say, If the Lord will, Jas 4:15. Our journeys are made prosperous or otherwise, according to the will of God. We should readily impart to others what God has trusted to us, rejoicing to make others joyful, especially taking pleasure in communing with those who believe the same things with us. If redeemed by the blood, and converted by the grace of the Lord Jesus, we are altogether his; and for his sake we are debtors to all men, to do all the good we can. Such services are our duty.

vv16-17

In these verses the apostle opens the design of the whole epistle, in which he brings forward a charge of sinfulness against all flesh; declares the only method of deliverance from condemnation, by faith in the mercy of God, through Jesus Christ; and then builds upon it purity of heart, grateful obedience, and earnest desires to improve in all those Christian graces and tempers, which nothing but a lively faith in Christ can bring forth. God is a just and holy God, and we are guilty sinners. It is necessary that we have a righteousness to appear in before him: there is such a righteousness brought in by the Messiah, and made known in the gospel; a gracious method of acceptance, notwithstanding the guilt of our sins. It is the righteousness of Christ, who is God, coming from a satisfaction of infinite value. Faith is all in all, both in the beginning and progress of Christian life. It is not from faith to works, as if faith put us into a justified state, and then works kept us in it; but it is all along from faith to faith; it is faith pressing forward, and gaining the victory over unbelief.

Cross References

Romans 1
v17Habakkuk 2:4quotation

Directly quoted by Paul: 'The just shall live by faith' is the gospel's foundation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v23Psalms 106:20allusion

Direct verbal echo of changing the glory of God into the likeness of beasts.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v20Psalms 19:1-6thematic

Creation declaring God's glory parallel to His invisible attributes being understood by things made.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Jeremiah 2:11thematic

Parallels changing the glory of the true God for idols that do not profit.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Acts 17:29thematic

Contrasts the uncorruptible Godhead with humanly fashioned gold, silver, or stone images.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v24Psalms 81:12thematic

Classic Old Testament pattern of God giving people up to their own hearts' lusts.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Leviticus 18:22thematic

The Levitical prohibition of same-sex acts, directly defining 'that which is against nature'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Galatians 1:15thematic

Paul's description of being 'separated' from his mother's womb for his apostolic calling.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Acts 13:2-4thematic

The Holy Spirit's historical command to 'separate' Barnabas and Saul for the work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Romans 9:5thematic

Parallels Christ's dual nature: 'according to the flesh' physically, yet God over all.

Supported by JFB

v3John 1:14thematic

Verbal echo of 'made' (became) flesh, contrasting with His eternal, uncreated divine nature.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Acts 17:23-30thematic

Paul's Areopagus address regarding the general revelation of God and pagan accountability.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Acts 14:17thematic

God did not leave Himself without witness, showing His goodness through nature.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21John 3:19thematic

Parallels loving darkness rather than light because of evil deeds, darkening the heart.

Supported by Matthew Henry

In the wisdom of God, the world by its own wisdom did not know God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Warning against making corruptible images resembling man, beasts, birds, or creeping things.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v24Acts 14:16thematic

Paul’s Lystra sermon on God permitting nations to walk in their own ways.

Supported by Matthew Henry

God sends strong delusion/reprobate mind to those who refuse to love the truth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Acts 9:15thematic

Paul's initial miraculous call as a chosen vessel to bear Christ's name to Gentiles.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Luke 1:35thematic

Relates the Holy Spirit to the powerful manifestation of Christ's divine Sonship.

Supported by JFB

v5Romans 15:18thematic

Paul's mission to bring the Gentiles to 'the obedience of faith' by word and deed.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Romans 15:30-32thematic

Paul's specific prayer request to the Romans for a prosperous journey by God's will.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Romans 3:21thematic

Elaborates on the 'righteousness of God' revealed apart from the law, witnessed by prophets.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Ephesians 4:18thematic

Gentiles have their understanding darkened, alienated from God's life through ignorance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Proverbs 1:22thematic

Shows how fools hate knowledge and simple ones love simplicity, claiming wisdom.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Turning from idols (the lie) to serve the living and true God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v28Job 21:14thematic

The wicked explicitly command God to depart, refusing the knowledge of His ways.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Psalms 50:18thematic

Consenting to and taking pleasure in wickedness committed by others.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Acts 10:43thematic

Peter affirms that 'all the prophets witness' to Christ, matching Romans 1:2.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32 Timothy 2:8thematic

Apostolic summary of the gospel: Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, raised from dead.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Colossians 3:11thematic

Paul's division of humanity into Greek, Barbarian, wise, unwise, all needing Christ.

Supported by JFB

v24Hosea 4:17thematic

'Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone'—illustrates God giving them up.

Supported by Matthew Henry