Romans1
New Living Translation
1This letter is from Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, chosen by God to be an apostle and sent out to preach his Good News.
2God promised this Good News long ago through his prophets in the holy Scriptures.
3The Good News is about his Son. In his earthly life he was born into King David’s family line,
4and he was shown to be the Son of God when he was raised from the dead by the power of the Holy Spirit. He is Jesus Christ our Lord.
5Through Christ, God has given us the privilege and authority as apostles to tell Gentiles everywhere what God has done for them, so that they will believe and obey him, bringing glory to his name.
6And you are included among those Gentiles who have been called to belong to Jesus Christ.
7I am writing to all of you in Rome who are loved by God and are called to be his own holy people. May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace.
8Let me say first that I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith in him is being talked about all over the world.
9God knows how often I pray for you. Day and night I bring you and your needs in prayer to God, whom I serve with all my heart by spreading the Good News about his Son.
10One of the things I always pray for is the opportunity, God willing, to come at last to see you.
11For I long to visit you so I can bring you some spiritual gift that will help you grow strong in the Lord.
12When we get together, I want to encourage you in your faith, but I also want to be encouraged by yours.
13I want you to know, dear brothers and sisters, that I planned many times to visit you, but I was prevented until now. I want to work among you and see spiritual fruit, just as I have seen among other Gentiles.
14For I have a great sense of obligation to people in both the civilized world and the rest of the world, to the educated and uneducated alike.
15So I am eager to come to you in Rome, too, to preach the Good News.
16For I am not ashamed of this Good News about Christ. It is the power of God at work, saving everyone who believes—the Jew first and also the Gentile.
17This Good News tells us how God makes us right in his sight. This is accomplished from start to finish by faith. As the Scriptures say, “It is through faith that a righteous person has life.”
18But God shows his anger from heaven against all sinful, wicked people who suppress the truth by their wickedness.
19They know the truth about God because he has made it obvious to them.
20For ever since the world was created, people have seen the earth and sky. Through everything God made, they can clearly see his invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature. So they have no excuse for not knowing God.
21Yes, they knew God, but they wouldn’t worship him as God or even give him thanks. And they began to think up foolish ideas of what God was like. As a result, their minds became dark and confused.
22Claiming to be wise, they instead became utter fools.
23And instead of worshiping the glorious, ever-living God, they worshiped idols made to look like mere people and birds and animals and reptiles.
24So God abandoned them to do whatever shameful things their hearts desired. As a result, they did vile and degrading things with each other’s bodies.
25They traded the truth about God for a lie. So they worshiped and served the things God created instead of the Creator himself, who is worthy of eternal praise! Amen.
26That is why God abandoned them to their shameful desires. Even the women turned against the natural way to have sex and instead indulged in sex with each other.
27And the men, instead of having normal sexual relations with women, burned with lust for each other. Men did shameful things with other men, and as a result of this sin, they suffered within themselves the penalty they deserved.
28Since they thought it foolish to acknowledge God, he abandoned them to their foolish thinking and let them do things that should never be done.
29Their lives became full of every kind of wickedness, sin, greed, hate, envy, murder, quarreling, deception, malicious behavior, and gossip.
30They are backstabbers, haters of God, insolent, proud, and boastful. They invent new ways of sinning, and they disobey their parents.
31They refuse to understand, break their promises, are heartless, and have no mercy.
32They know God’s justice requires that those who do these things deserve to die, yet they do them anyway. Worse yet, they encourage others to do them, too.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Romans 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The apostle's commission. (1–7). Prays for the saints at Rome, and expresses his desire to see them. (8–15). The gospel way of justification by faith, for Jews and Gentiles. (16, 17). The sins of the Gentiles set forth. (18–32).
vv1-7
The doctrine of which the apostle Paul wrote, set forth the fulfilment of the promises by the prophets. It spoke of the Son of God, even Jesus the Saviour, the promised Messiah, who came from David as to his human nature, but was also declared to be the Son of God, by the Divine power which raised him from the dead. The Christian profession does not consist in a notional knowledge or a bare assent, much less in perverse disputings, but in obedience. And all those, and those only, are brought to obedience of the faith, who are effectually called of Jesus Christ. Here is, 1. The privilege of Christians; they are beloved of God, and are members of that body which is beloved. 2. The duty of Christians; to be holy, hereunto are they called, called to be saints. These the apostle saluted, by wishing them grace to sanctify their souls, and peace to comfort their hearts, as springing from the free mercy of God, the reconciled Father of all believers, and coming to them through the Lord Jesus Christ.
vv8-15
We must show love for our friends, not only by praying for them, but by praising God for them. As in our purposes, so in our desires, we must remember to say, If the Lord will, Jas 4:15. Our journeys are made prosperous or otherwise, according to the will of God. We should readily impart to others what God has trusted to us, rejoicing to make others joyful, especially taking pleasure in communing with those who believe the same things with us. If redeemed by the blood, and converted by the grace of the Lord Jesus, we are altogether his; and for his sake we are debtors to all men, to do all the good we can. Such services are our duty.
vv16-17
In these verses the apostle opens the design of the whole epistle, in which he brings forward a charge of sinfulness against all flesh; declares the only method of deliverance from condemnation, by faith in the mercy of God, through Jesus Christ; and then builds upon it purity of heart, grateful obedience, and earnest desires to improve in all those Christian graces and tempers, which nothing but a lively faith in Christ can bring forth. God is a just and holy God, and we are guilty sinners. It is necessary that we have a righteousness to appear in before him: there is such a righteousness brought in by the Messiah, and made known in the gospel; a gracious method of acceptance, notwithstanding the guilt of our sins. It is the righteousness of Christ, who is God, coming from a satisfaction of infinite value. Faith is all in all, both in the beginning and progress of Christian life. It is not from faith to works, as if faith put us into a justified state, and then works kept us in it; but it is all along from faith to faith; it is faith pressing forward, and gaining the victory over unbelief.
Key Words
Παῦλος (Paûlos): (little; but remotely from a derivative of G3973 (παύω), meaning the same); Paulus, the name of a Roman and of an apostle
δοῦλος (doûlos): a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
Χριστός (Christós): anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs): Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
κλητός (klētós): invited, i.e. appointed, or (specially), a saint
ἀπόστολος (apóstolos): a delegate; specially, an ambassador of the Gospel; officially a commissioner of Christ ("apostle") (with miraculous powers)
εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion): a good message, i.e. the gospel
θεός (theós): figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
προεπαγγέλλομαι (proepangéllomai): to promise of old
Cross References
Romans 1Directly quoted by Paul: 'The just shall live by faith' is the gospel's foundation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct verbal echo of changing the glory of God into the likeness of beasts.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Creation declaring God's glory parallel to His invisible attributes being understood by things made.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels changing the glory of the true God for idols that do not profit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts the uncorruptible Godhead with humanly fashioned gold, silver, or stone images.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Classic Old Testament pattern of God giving people up to their own hearts' lusts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Levitical prohibition of same-sex acts, directly defining 'that which is against nature'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's description of being 'separated' from his mother's womb for his apostolic calling.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Holy Spirit's historical command to 'separate' Barnabas and Saul for the work.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Christ's dual nature: 'according to the flesh' physically, yet God over all.
Supported by JFB
Verbal echo of 'made' (became) flesh, contrasting with His eternal, uncreated divine nature.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's Areopagus address regarding the general revelation of God and pagan accountability.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God did not leave Himself without witness, showing His goodness through nature.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels loving darkness rather than light because of evil deeds, darkening the heart.
Supported by Matthew Henry
In the wisdom of God, the world by its own wisdom did not know God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Warning against making corruptible images resembling man, beasts, birds, or creeping things.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul’s Lystra sermon on God permitting nations to walk in their own ways.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God sends strong delusion/reprobate mind to those who refuse to love the truth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul's initial miraculous call as a chosen vessel to bear Christ's name to Gentiles.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Relates the Holy Spirit to the powerful manifestation of Christ's divine Sonship.
Supported by JFB
Paul's mission to bring the Gentiles to 'the obedience of faith' by word and deed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's specific prayer request to the Romans for a prosperous journey by God's will.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Elaborates on the 'righteousness of God' revealed apart from the law, witnessed by prophets.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Gentiles have their understanding darkened, alienated from God's life through ignorance.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Shows how fools hate knowledge and simple ones love simplicity, claiming wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Turning from idols (the lie) to serve the living and true God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The wicked explicitly command God to depart, refusing the knowledge of His ways.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Consenting to and taking pleasure in wickedness committed by others.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Peter affirms that 'all the prophets witness' to Christ, matching Romans 1:2.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Apostolic summary of the gospel: Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, raised from dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's division of humanity into Greek, Barbarian, wise, unwise, all needing Christ.
Supported by JFB
'Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone'—illustrates God giving them up.
Supported by Matthew Henry