Romans1
New American Standard
1Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God,
2which He promised beforehand through His prophets in the holy Scriptures,
3concerning His Son, who was born of a descendant of David according to the flesh,
4who was declared the Son of God with power according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,
5through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles in behalf of His name,
6among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ;
7to all who are beloved of God in Rome, called as saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
8First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, because your faith is being proclaimed throughout the world.
9For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly I make mention of you,
10always in my prayers requesting if perhaps now, at last by the will of God, I will succeed in coming to you.
11For I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be established;
12that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine.
13I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that often I have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some fruit among you also just as among the rest of the Gentiles.
14I am under obligation both to Greeks and to the uncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish.
15So, for my part, I am eager to preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.
16For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.
17For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written: “But the righteous one will live by faith.”
18For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth in unrighteousness,
19because that which is known about God is evident within them; for God made it evident to them.
20For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, being understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse.
21For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened.
22Claiming to be wise, they became fools,
23and they exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and crawling creatures.
24Therefore God gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be dishonored among them.
25For they exchanged the truth of God for falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.
26For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature,
27and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations with women and burned in their desire toward one another, males with males committing shameful acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error.
28And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper,
29people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are gossips,
30slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents,
31without understanding, untrustworthy, unfeeling, and unmerciful;
32and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Romans 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The apostle's commission. (1–7). Prays for the saints at Rome, and expresses his desire to see them. (8–15). The gospel way of justification by faith, for Jews and Gentiles. (16, 17). The sins of the Gentiles set forth. (18–32).
vv1-7
The doctrine of which the apostle Paul wrote, set forth the fulfilment of the promises by the prophets. It spoke of the Son of God, even Jesus the Saviour, the promised Messiah, who came from David as to his human nature, but was also declared to be the Son of God, by the Divine power which raised him from the dead. The Christian profession does not consist in a notional knowledge or a bare assent, much less in perverse disputings, but in obedience. And all those, and those only, are brought to obedience of the faith, who are effectually called of Jesus Christ. Here is, 1. The privilege of Christians; they are beloved of God, and are members of that body which is beloved. 2. The duty of Christians; to be holy, hereunto are they called, called to be saints. These the apostle saluted, by wishing them grace to sanctify their souls, and peace to comfort their hearts, as springing from the free mercy of God, the reconciled Father of all believers, and coming to them through the Lord Jesus Christ.
vv8-15
We must show love for our friends, not only by praying for them, but by praising God for them. As in our purposes, so in our desires, we must remember to say, If the Lord will, Jas 4:15. Our journeys are made prosperous or otherwise, according to the will of God. We should readily impart to others what God has trusted to us, rejoicing to make others joyful, especially taking pleasure in communing with those who believe the same things with us. If redeemed by the blood, and converted by the grace of the Lord Jesus, we are altogether his; and for his sake we are debtors to all men, to do all the good we can. Such services are our duty.
vv16-17
In these verses the apostle opens the design of the whole epistle, in which he brings forward a charge of sinfulness against all flesh; declares the only method of deliverance from condemnation, by faith in the mercy of God, through Jesus Christ; and then builds upon it purity of heart, grateful obedience, and earnest desires to improve in all those Christian graces and tempers, which nothing but a lively faith in Christ can bring forth. God is a just and holy God, and we are guilty sinners. It is necessary that we have a righteousness to appear in before him: there is such a righteousness brought in by the Messiah, and made known in the gospel; a gracious method of acceptance, notwithstanding the guilt of our sins. It is the righteousness of Christ, who is God, coming from a satisfaction of infinite value. Faith is all in all, both in the beginning and progress of Christian life. It is not from faith to works, as if faith put us into a justified state, and then works kept us in it; but it is all along from faith to faith; it is faith pressing forward, and gaining the victory over unbelief.
Key Words
Παῦλος (Paûlos): (little; but remotely from a derivative of G3973 (παύω), meaning the same); Paulus, the name of a Roman and of an apostle
δοῦλος (doûlos): a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
Χριστός (Christós): anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs): Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
κλητός (klētós): invited, i.e. appointed, or (specially), a saint
ἀπόστολος (apóstolos): a delegate; specially, an ambassador of the Gospel; officially a commissioner of Christ ("apostle") (with miraculous powers)
εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion): a good message, i.e. the gospel
θεός (theós): figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
προεπαγγέλλομαι (proepangéllomai): to promise of old
Cross References
Romans 1Directly quoted by Paul: 'The just shall live by faith' is the gospel's foundation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct verbal echo of changing the glory of God into the likeness of beasts.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Creation declaring God's glory parallel to His invisible attributes being understood by things made.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels changing the glory of the true God for idols that do not profit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts the uncorruptible Godhead with humanly fashioned gold, silver, or stone images.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Classic Old Testament pattern of God giving people up to their own hearts' lusts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Levitical prohibition of same-sex acts, directly defining 'that which is against nature'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's description of being 'separated' from his mother's womb for his apostolic calling.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Holy Spirit's historical command to 'separate' Barnabas and Saul for the work.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Christ's dual nature: 'according to the flesh' physically, yet God over all.
Supported by JFB
Verbal echo of 'made' (became) flesh, contrasting with His eternal, uncreated divine nature.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's Areopagus address regarding the general revelation of God and pagan accountability.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God did not leave Himself without witness, showing His goodness through nature.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels loving darkness rather than light because of evil deeds, darkening the heart.
Supported by Matthew Henry
In the wisdom of God, the world by its own wisdom did not know God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Warning against making corruptible images resembling man, beasts, birds, or creeping things.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul’s Lystra sermon on God permitting nations to walk in their own ways.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God sends strong delusion/reprobate mind to those who refuse to love the truth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul's initial miraculous call as a chosen vessel to bear Christ's name to Gentiles.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Relates the Holy Spirit to the powerful manifestation of Christ's divine Sonship.
Supported by JFB
Paul's mission to bring the Gentiles to 'the obedience of faith' by word and deed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's specific prayer request to the Romans for a prosperous journey by God's will.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Elaborates on the 'righteousness of God' revealed apart from the law, witnessed by prophets.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Gentiles have their understanding darkened, alienated from God's life through ignorance.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Shows how fools hate knowledge and simple ones love simplicity, claiming wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Turning from idols (the lie) to serve the living and true God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The wicked explicitly command God to depart, refusing the knowledge of His ways.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Consenting to and taking pleasure in wickedness committed by others.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Peter affirms that 'all the prophets witness' to Christ, matching Romans 1:2.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Apostolic summary of the gospel: Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, raised from dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's division of humanity into Greek, Barbarian, wise, unwise, all needing Christ.
Supported by JFB
'Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone'—illustrates God giving them up.
Supported by Matthew Henry