Joshua17
New American Standard
1Now this was the lot for the tribe of Manasseh, for he was the firstborn of Joseph. To Machir the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead, were allotted Gilead and Bashan, because he was a man of war.
2So the lot was made for the rest of the sons of Manasseh according to their families: for the sons of Abiezer, the sons of Helek, the sons of Asriel, the sons of Shechem, the sons of Hepher, and the sons of Shemida; these were the male descendants of Manasseh the son of Joseph according to their families.
3However, Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, had no sons, only daughters; and these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.
4They approached Eleazar the priest, Joshua the son of Nun, and the leaders, saying, “The Lord commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brothers.” So in accordance with the command of the Lord he gave them an inheritance among their father’s brothers.
5So ten portions fell to Manasseh, besides the land of Gilead and Bashan, which is beyond the Jordan,
6because the daughters of Manasseh received an inheritance among his sons. And the land of Gilead belonged to the rest of the sons of Manasseh.
7The border of Manasseh ran from Asher to Michmethath which was east of Shechem; then the border went southward to the inhabitants of En-tappuah.
8The land of Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, but Tappuah on the border of Manasseh belonged to the sons of Ephraim.
9And the border went down to the brook of Kanah, southward of the brook (these cities belonged to Ephraim among the cities of Manasseh), and the border of Manasseh was on the north side of the brook, and it ended at the sea.
10The south side belonged to Ephraim and the north side to Manasseh, and the sea was their border; and they reached to Asher on the north and to Issachar on the east.
11In Issachar and in Asher, Manasseh had Beth-shean and its towns and Ibleam and its towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of En-dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and its towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns; the third is Napheth.
12But the sons of Manasseh could not take possession of these cities, because the Canaanites persisted in living in this land.
13And it came about when the sons of Israel became strong, they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not drive them out completely.
14Then the sons of Joseph spoke to Joshua, saying, “Why have you given me only one lot and one portion as an inheritance, though I am a numerous people whom the Lord has blessed up to this point?”
15And Joshua said to them, “If you are a numerous people, go up to the forest and clear a place for yourself there in the land of the Perizzites and of the Rephaim, since the hill country of Ephraim is too narrow for you.”
16The sons of Joseph then said, “The hill country is not enough for us, but all the Canaanites who live in the valley land have iron chariots, both those who are in Beth-shean and its towns and those who are in the Valley of Jezreel.”
17But Joshua spoke to the house of Joseph, to Ephraim and Manasseh, saying, “You are a numerous people and have great power; you shall not have one lot only,
18but the hill country shall be yours. For though it is a forest, you shall clear it, and to its farthest borders it shall be yours; for you shall drive out the Canaanites, even though they have iron chariots and though they are strong.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The lot of Manasseh. (1–6). The boundaries of Manasseh, The Canaanites not driven out. (7–13). Joseph desires a larger portion. (14–18).
vv1-6
Manasseh was but half of the tribe of Joseph, yet it was divided into two parts. The daughters of Zelophehad now reaped the benefit of their pious zeal and prudent forecast. Those who take care in the wilderness of this world, to make sure to themselves a place in the inheritance of the saints in light, will have the comfort of it in the other world; while those who neglect it now, will lose it for ever. Lord, teach us here to believe and obey, and give us an inheritance among thy saints, in glory everlasting.
vv7-13
There was great communication between Manasseh and Ephraim. Though each tribe had its inheritance, yet they should intermix one with another, to do good offices one to another, as became those, who, though of different tribes, were all one Israel, and were bound to love as brethren. But they suffered the Canaanites to live among them, against the command of God, to serve their own ends.
vv14-18
Joshua, as a public person, had no more regard to his own tribe than to any other, but would govern without favour or affection; wherein he has left a good example to all in public trusts. Joshua tells them, that what was fallen to their share would be a sufficient lot for them, if they would but work and fight. Men excuse themselves from labour by any pretence; and nothing serves the purpose better than having rich and powerful relations, able to provide for them; and they are apt to desire a partial and unfaithful disposal of what is intrusted to those they think able to give such help. But there is more real kindness in pointing out the advantages within reach, and in encouraging men to make the best of them, than in granting indulgences to sloth and extravagance. True religion gives no countenance to these evils. The rule is, They shall not eat who will not work; and many of our “cannots” are only the language of idleness, which magnifies every difficulty and danger. This is especially the case in our spiritual work and warfare. Without Christ we can do nothing, but we are apt to sit still and attempt nothing. if we belong to Him, he will stir us up to our best endeavours, and to cry to him for help. Then our coast will be enlarged, 1Ch 4:9, 10, and complainings silenced, or rather, turned into joyful thanksgivings.
Key Words
גּוֹרָל: properly, a pebble, i.e. a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
מְנַשֶּׁה: Menashsheh, a grandson of Jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בְּכוֹר: firstborn; hence, chief
יוֹסֵף: Joseph, the name of seven Israelites
מָכִיר: Makir, an Israelite
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
גִּלְעָד: Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
בָּשָׁן: Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan
Cross References
Joshua 17Establishes the genealogy and legal precedent of the daughters of Zelophehad claiming their inheritance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the specific command given to Moses regarding Zelophehad's daughters receiving land.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Establishes the lineage of Machir and Gilead, which determines their territorial allotment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explains why Machir/Gilead received their portions east of the Jordan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account lists the exact cities where Manasseh failed to drive out the Canaanites.
Supported by JFB
Expands on inheritance laws for Zelophehad's daughters to prevent land transferring to other tribes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms that Israel put the Canaanites to tribute rather than driving them out.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jacob's prophecy explaining the relative size and blessing of Ephraim and Manasseh.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the fear of valley-dwelling Canaanites who possessed formidable iron chariots.
Supported by JFB
Lists the families of the rest of the sons of Manasseh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct genealogical match for Zelophehad having no sons but five named daughters.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows the interlacing of Ephraim's cities within the broader borders of Manasseh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Lists the towns of Manasseh, including Beth-shean, Megiddo, and Dor.
Geographical connection showing the proximity of Ibleam and Megiddo in later history.
Supported by JFB
Theological basis for driving out strong enemies with chariots through faith in God.