Joshua17
New International Version
1This was the allotment for the tribe of Manasseh as Joseph’s firstborn, that is, for Makir, Manasseh’s firstborn. Makir was the ancestor of the Gileadites, who had received Gilead and Bashan because the Makirites were great soldiers.
2So this allotment was for the rest of the people of Manasseh—the clans of Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher and Shemida. These are the other male descendants of Manasseh son of Joseph by their clans.
3Now Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Makir, the son of Manasseh, had no sons but only daughters, whose names were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah and Tirzah.
4They went to Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the leaders and said, “The Lord commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our relatives.” So Joshua gave them an inheritance along with the brothers of their father, according to the Lord’s command.
5Manasseh’s share consisted of ten tracts of land besides Gilead and Bashan east of the Jordan,
6because the daughters of the tribe of Manasseh received an inheritance among the sons. The land of Gilead belonged to the rest of the descendants of Manasseh.
7The territory of Manasseh extended from Asher to Mikmethath east of Shechem. The boundary ran southward from there to include the people living at En Tappuah.
8(Manasseh had the land of Tappuah, but Tappuah itself, on the boundary of Manasseh, belonged to the Ephraimites.)
9Then the boundary continued south to the Kanah Ravine. There were towns belonging to Ephraim lying among the towns of Manasseh, but the boundary of Manasseh was the northern side of the ravine and ended at the Mediterranean Sea.
10On the south the land belonged to Ephraim, on the north to Manasseh. The territory of Manasseh reached the Mediterranean Sea and bordered Asher on the north and Issachar on the east.
11Within Issachar and Asher, Manasseh also had Beth Shan, Ibleam and the people of Dor, Endor, Taanach and Megiddo, together with their surrounding settlements (the third in the list is Naphoth).
12Yet the Manassites were not able to occupy these towns, for the Canaanites were determined to live in that region.
13However, when the Israelites grew stronger, they subjected the Canaanites to forced labor but did not drive them out completely.
14The people of Joseph said to Joshua, “Why have you given us only one allotment and one portion for an inheritance? We are a numerous people, and the Lord has blessed us abundantly.”
15“If you are so numerous,” Joshua answered, “and if the hill country of Ephraim is too small for you, go up into the forest and clear land for yourselves there in the land of the Perizzites and Rephaites.”
16The people of Joseph replied, “The hill country is not enough for us, and all the Canaanites who live in the plain have chariots fitted with iron, both those in Beth Shan and its settlements and those in the Valley of Jezreel.”
17But Joshua said to the tribes of Joseph—to Ephraim and Manasseh—“You are numerous and very powerful. You will have not only one allotment
18but the forested hill country as well. Clear it, and its farthest limits will be yours; though the Canaanites have chariots fitted with iron and though they are strong, you can drive them out.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The lot of Manasseh. (1–6). The boundaries of Manasseh, The Canaanites not driven out. (7–13). Joseph desires a larger portion. (14–18).
vv1-6
Manasseh was but half of the tribe of Joseph, yet it was divided into two parts. The daughters of Zelophehad now reaped the benefit of their pious zeal and prudent forecast. Those who take care in the wilderness of this world, to make sure to themselves a place in the inheritance of the saints in light, will have the comfort of it in the other world; while those who neglect it now, will lose it for ever. Lord, teach us here to believe and obey, and give us an inheritance among thy saints, in glory everlasting.
vv7-13
There was great communication between Manasseh and Ephraim. Though each tribe had its inheritance, yet they should intermix one with another, to do good offices one to another, as became those, who, though of different tribes, were all one Israel, and were bound to love as brethren. But they suffered the Canaanites to live among them, against the command of God, to serve their own ends.
vv14-18
Joshua, as a public person, had no more regard to his own tribe than to any other, but would govern without favour or affection; wherein he has left a good example to all in public trusts. Joshua tells them, that what was fallen to their share would be a sufficient lot for them, if they would but work and fight. Men excuse themselves from labour by any pretence; and nothing serves the purpose better than having rich and powerful relations, able to provide for them; and they are apt to desire a partial and unfaithful disposal of what is intrusted to those they think able to give such help. But there is more real kindness in pointing out the advantages within reach, and in encouraging men to make the best of them, than in granting indulgences to sloth and extravagance. True religion gives no countenance to these evils. The rule is, They shall not eat who will not work; and many of our “cannots” are only the language of idleness, which magnifies every difficulty and danger. This is especially the case in our spiritual work and warfare. Without Christ we can do nothing, but we are apt to sit still and attempt nothing. if we belong to Him, he will stir us up to our best endeavours, and to cry to him for help. Then our coast will be enlarged, 1Ch 4:9, 10, and complainings silenced, or rather, turned into joyful thanksgivings.
Key Words
גּוֹרָל: properly, a pebble, i.e. a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
מְנַשֶּׁה: Menashsheh, a grandson of Jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בְּכוֹר: firstborn; hence, chief
יוֹסֵף: Joseph, the name of seven Israelites
מָכִיר: Makir, an Israelite
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
גִּלְעָד: Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
בָּשָׁן: Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan
Cross References
Joshua 17Establishes the genealogy and legal precedent of the daughters of Zelophehad claiming their inheritance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the specific command given to Moses regarding Zelophehad's daughters receiving land.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Establishes the lineage of Machir and Gilead, which determines their territorial allotment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explains why Machir/Gilead received their portions east of the Jordan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account lists the exact cities where Manasseh failed to drive out the Canaanites.
Supported by JFB
Expands on inheritance laws for Zelophehad's daughters to prevent land transferring to other tribes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms that Israel put the Canaanites to tribute rather than driving them out.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jacob's prophecy explaining the relative size and blessing of Ephraim and Manasseh.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the fear of valley-dwelling Canaanites who possessed formidable iron chariots.
Supported by JFB
Lists the families of the rest of the sons of Manasseh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct genealogical match for Zelophehad having no sons but five named daughters.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows the interlacing of Ephraim's cities within the broader borders of Manasseh.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Lists the towns of Manasseh, including Beth-shean, Megiddo, and Dor.
Geographical connection showing the proximity of Ibleam and Megiddo in later history.
Supported by JFB
Theological basis for driving out strong enemies with chariots through faith in God.