Judges 4NIV
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Judges4

New International Version

1Again the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord, now that Ehud was dead.

2So the Lord sold them into the hands of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor. Sisera, the commander of his army, was based in Harosheth Haggoyim.

3Because he had nine hundred chariots fitted with iron and had cruelly oppressed the Israelites for twenty years, they cried to the Lord for help.

4Now Deborah, a prophet, the wife of Lappidoth, was leading Israel at that time.

5She held court under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites went up to her to have their disputes decided.

6She sent for Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, “The Lord, the God of Israel, commands you: ‘Go, take with you ten thousand men of Naphtali and Zebulun and lead them up to Mount Tabor.

7I will lead Sisera, the commander of Jabin’s army, with his chariots and his troops to the Kishon River and give him into your hands.’”

8Barak said to her, “If you go with me, I will go; but if you don’t go with me, I won’t go.”

9“Certainly I will go with you,” said Deborah. “But because of the course you are taking, the honor will not be yours, for the Lord will deliver Sisera into the hands of a woman.” So Deborah went with Barak to Kedesh.

10There Barak summoned Zebulun and Naphtali, and ten thousand men went up under his command. Deborah also went up with him.

11Now Heber the Kenite had left the other Kenites, the descendants of Hobab, Moses’ brother-in-law, and pitched his tent by the great tree in Zaanannim near Kedesh.

12When they told Sisera that Barak son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor,

13Sisera summoned from Harosheth Haggoyim to the Kishon River all his men and his nine hundred chariots fitted with iron.

14Then Deborah said to Barak, “Go! This is the day the Lord has given Sisera into your hands. Has not the Lord gone ahead of you?” So Barak went down Mount Tabor, with ten thousand men following him.

15At Barak’s advance, the Lord routed Sisera and all his chariots and army by the sword, and Sisera got down from his chariot and fled on foot.

16Barak pursued the chariots and army as far as Harosheth Haggoyim, and all Sisera’s troops fell by the sword; not a man was left.

17Sisera, meanwhile, fled on foot to the tent of Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, because there was an alliance between Jabin king of Hazor and the family of Heber the Kenite.

18Jael went out to meet Sisera and said to him, “Come, my lord, come right in. Don’t be afraid.” So he entered her tent, and she covered him with a blanket.

19“I’m thirsty,” he said. “Please give me some water.” She opened a skin of milk, gave him a drink, and covered him up.

20“Stand in the doorway of the tent,” he told her. “If someone comes by and asks you, ‘Is anyone in there?’ say ‘No.’”

21But Jael, Heber’s wife, picked up a tent peg and a hammer and went quietly to him while he lay fast asleep, exhausted. She drove the peg through his temple into the ground, and he died.

22Just then Barak came by in pursuit of Sisera, and Jael went out to meet him. “Come,” she said, “I will show you the man you’re looking for.” So he went in with her, and there lay Sisera with the tent peg through his temple—dead.

23On that day God subdued Jabin king of Canaan before the Israelites.

24And the hand of the Israelites pressed harder and harder against Jabin king of Canaan until they destroyed him.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 4.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Israel again revolts, and is oppressed by Jabin. (1–3). Deborah concerts their deliverance with Barak. (4–9). Sisera defeated. (10–16). Sisera put to death by Jael. (17–24).

vv1-3

The land had rest for eighty years, which should have confirmed them in their religion; but it made them secure, and indulge their lusts. Thus the prosperity of fools destroys them. Jabin and his general Sisera, mightily oppressed Israel. This enemy was nearer than any of the former. Israel cried unto the Lord, when distress drove them to him, and they saw no other way of relief. Those who slight God in prosperity, will find themselves under a necessity of seeking him in trouble.

vv4-9

Deborah was a prophetess; one instructed in Divine knowledge by the inspiration of the Spirit of God. She judged Israel as God's mouth to them; correcting abuses, and redressing grievances. By God's direction, she ordered Barak to raise an army, and engage Jabin's forces. Barak insisted much upon her presence. Deborah promised to go with him. She would not send him where she would not go herself. Those who in God's name call others to their duty, should be ready to assist them in it. Barak values the satisfaction of his mind, and the good success of his enterprise, more than mere honour.

vv10-16

Siser's confidence was chiefly in his chariots. But if we have ground to hope that God goes before us, we may go on with courage and cheerfulness. Be not dismayed at the difficulties thou meetest with in resisting Satan, in serving God, or suffering for him; for is not the Lord gone before thee? Follow him then fully. Barak went down, though upon the plain the iron chariots would have advantage against him: he quitted the mountain in dependence on the Divine power; for in the Lord alone is the salvation of his people, Jer 3:23. He was not deceived in his confidence. When God goes before us in our spiritual conflicts, we must bestir ourselves; and when, by his grace, he gives us some success against the enemies of our souls, we must improve it by watchfulness and resolution.

Cross References

Judges 4
v9Judges 5:24-27thematic

The poetic celebration of Sisera's death by the hand of Jael, fulfilling Deborah's prophecy.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Joshua 11:1thematic

An earlier Jabin king of Hazor was defeated by Joshua, who then burned Hazor.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Hebrews 11:32allusion

Barak is listed in the New Testament Hall of Faith for his victory over Jabin's army.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Psalms 83:9thematic

The psalmist prays for God to do to enemies as He did to Sisera and Jabin.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Judges 5:21thematic

Deborah's song celebrates the river Kishon sweeping away the defeated hosts of Sisera.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v11Judges 1:16thematic

Establishes the background of the Kenites, descendants of Moses' father-in-law.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Judges 5:20allusion

Deborah's song reveals a supernatural panic as 'the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Judges 5:25thematic

Deborah's song describes Sisera asking for water and Jael giving him milk in a lordly dish.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v21 Samuel 12:9thematic

Samuel's sermon recalls how God sold Israel into the hand of Sisera for forgetting Him.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v42 Kings 22:14thematic

Huldah the prophetess, like Deborah, was a female leader consulted for divine judgment in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Exodus 15:20thematic

Miriam the prophetess provides an earlier precedent for women designated with prophetic leadership roles.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v142 Samuel 5:24thematic

Parallels the concept of the Lord 'going out before' His army to guarantee victory.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v9Judges 9:54thematic

Parallels the ancient view that dying at the hand of a woman was a dishonor.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Numbers 10:29thematic

Identifies Hobab, the relative of Moses, as the ancestor of Heber the Kenite.

Supported by Matthew Poole

God uses the weak things of the world (a woman with a tent nail) to confound the mighty.

Supported by Matthew Henry