Judges4
World English Bible · Public Domain
1The children of Israel again did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, when Ehud was dead.
2Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor; the captain of whose army was Sisera, who lived in Harosheth of the Gentiles.
3The children of Israel cried to Yahweh, for he had nine hundred chariots of iron; and he mightily oppressed the children of Israel for twenty years.
4Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, judged Israel at that time.
5She lived under Deborah’s palm tree between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.
6She sent and called Barak the son of Abinoam out of Kedesh Naphtali, and said to him, “Hasn’t Yahweh, the God of Israel, commanded, ‘Go and lead the way to Mount Tabor, and take with you ten thousand men of the children of Naphtali and of the children of Zebulun?
7I will draw to you, to the river Kishon, Sisera, the captain of Jabin’s army, with his chariots and his multitude; and I will deliver him into your hand.’”
8Barak said to her, “If you will go with me, then I will go; but if you will not go with me, I will not go.”
9She said, “I will surely go with you. Nevertheless, the journey that you take won’t be for your honor; for Yahweh will sell Sisera into a woman’s hand.” Deborah arose, and went with Barak to Kedesh.
10Barak called Zebulun and Naphtali together to Kedesh. Ten thousand men followed him; and Deborah went up with him.
11Now Heber the Kenite had separated himself from the Kenites, even from the children of Hobab, Moses’ brother-in-law, and had pitched his tent as far as the oak in Zaanannim, which is by Kedesh.
12They told Sisera that Barak the son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor.
13Sisera gathered together all his chariots, even nine hundred chariots of iron, and all the people who were with him, from Harosheth of the Gentiles, to the river Kishon.
14Deborah said to Barak, “Go; for this is the day in which Yahweh has delivered Sisera into your hand. Hasn’t Yahweh gone out before you?” So Barak went down from Mount Tabor, and ten thousand men after him.
15Yahweh confused Sisera, all his chariots, and all his army, with the edge of the sword before Barak. Sisera abandoned his chariot and fled away on his feet.
16But Barak pursued the chariots and the army to Harosheth of the Gentiles; and all the army of Sisera fell by the edge of the sword. There was not a man left.
17However Sisera fled away on his feet to the tent of Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite; for there was peace between Jabin the king of Hazor and the house of Heber the Kenite.
18Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said to him, “Turn in, my lord, turn in to me; don’t be afraid.” He came in to her into the tent, and she covered him with a rug.
19He said to her, “Please give me a little water to drink; for I am thirsty.” She opened a container of milk, and gave him a drink, and covered him.
20He said to her, “Stand in the door of the tent, and if any man comes and inquires of you, and says, ‘Is there any man here?’ you shall say, ‘No.’”
21Then Jael, Heber’s wife, took a tent peg, and took a hammer in her hand, and went softly to him, and struck the pin into his temples, and it pierced through into the ground, for he was in a deep sleep; so he fainted and died.
22Behold, as Barak pursued Sisera, Jael came out to meet him, and said to him, “Come, and I will show you the man whom you seek.” He came to her; and behold, Sisera lay dead, and the tent peg was in his temples.
23So God subdued Jabin the king of Canaan before the children of Israel on that day.
24The hand of the children of Israel prevailed more and more against Jabin the king of Canaan, until they had destroyed Jabin king of Canaan.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Israel again revolts, and is oppressed by Jabin. (1–3). Deborah concerts their deliverance with Barak. (4–9). Sisera defeated. (10–16). Sisera put to death by Jael. (17–24).
vv1-3
The land had rest for eighty years, which should have confirmed them in their religion; but it made them secure, and indulge their lusts. Thus the prosperity of fools destroys them. Jabin and his general Sisera, mightily oppressed Israel. This enemy was nearer than any of the former. Israel cried unto the Lord, when distress drove them to him, and they saw no other way of relief. Those who slight God in prosperity, will find themselves under a necessity of seeking him in trouble.
vv4-9
Deborah was a prophetess; one instructed in Divine knowledge by the inspiration of the Spirit of God. She judged Israel as God's mouth to them; correcting abuses, and redressing grievances. By God's direction, she ordered Barak to raise an army, and engage Jabin's forces. Barak insisted much upon her presence. Deborah promised to go with him. She would not send him where she would not go herself. Those who in God's name call others to their duty, should be ready to assist them in it. Barak values the satisfaction of his mind, and the good success of his enterprise, more than mere honour.
vv10-16
Siser's confidence was chiefly in his chariots. But if we have ground to hope that God goes before us, we may go on with courage and cheerfulness. Be not dismayed at the difficulties thou meetest with in resisting Satan, in serving God, or suffering for him; for is not the Lord gone before thee? Follow him then fully. Barak went down, though upon the plain the iron chariots would have advantage against him: he quitted the mountain in dependence on the Divine power; for in the Lord alone is the salvation of his people, Jer 3:23. He was not deceived in his confidence. When God goes before us in our spiritual conflicts, we must bestir ourselves; and when, by his grace, he gives us some success against the enemies of our souls, we must improve it by watchfulness and resolution.
Key Words
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
יָסַף: to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
רַע: bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
עַיִן: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
אֵהוּד: Ehud, the name of two or three Israelites
מוּת: to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
מָכַר: to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
Cross References
Judges 4The poetic celebration of Sisera's death by the hand of Jael, fulfilling Deborah's prophecy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
An earlier Jabin king of Hazor was defeated by Joshua, who then burned Hazor.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Barak is listed in the New Testament Hall of Faith for his victory over Jabin's army.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The psalmist prays for God to do to enemies as He did to Sisera and Jabin.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Deborah's song celebrates the river Kishon sweeping away the defeated hosts of Sisera.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Establishes the background of the Kenites, descendants of Moses' father-in-law.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Deborah's song reveals a supernatural panic as 'the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Deborah's song describes Sisera asking for water and Jael giving him milk in a lordly dish.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Samuel's sermon recalls how God sold Israel into the hand of Sisera for forgetting Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Huldah the prophetess, like Deborah, was a female leader consulted for divine judgment in Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Miriam the prophetess provides an earlier precedent for women designated with prophetic leadership roles.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the concept of the Lord 'going out before' His army to guarantee victory.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the ancient view that dying at the hand of a woman was a dishonor.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Hobab, the relative of Moses, as the ancestor of Heber the Kenite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God uses the weak things of the world (a woman with a tent nail) to confound the mighty.
Supported by Matthew Henry