Acts2
New Living Translation
1On the day of Pentecost all the believers were meeting together in one place.
2Suddenly, there was a sound from heaven like the roaring of a mighty windstorm, and it filled the house where they were sitting.
3Then, what looked like flames or tongues of fire appeared and settled on each of them.
4And everyone present was filled with the Holy Spirit and began speaking in other languages, as the Holy Spirit gave them this ability.
5At that time there were devout Jews from every nation living in Jerusalem.
6When they heard the loud noise, everyone came running, and they were bewildered to hear their own languages being spoken by the believers.
7They were completely amazed. “How can this be?” they exclaimed. “These people are all from Galilee,
8and yet we hear them speaking in our own native languages!
9Here we are—Parthians, Medes, Elamites, people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, the province of Asia,
10Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, and the areas of Libya around Cyrene, visitors from Rome
11(both Jews and converts to Judaism), Cretans, and Arabs. And we all hear these people speaking in our own languages about the wonderful things God has done!”
12They stood there amazed and perplexed. “What can this mean?” they asked each other.
13But others in the crowd ridiculed them, saying, “They’re just drunk, that’s all!”
14Then Peter stepped forward with the eleven other apostles and shouted to the crowd, “Listen carefully, all of you, fellow Jews and residents of Jerusalem! Make no mistake about this.
15These people are not drunk, as some of you are assuming. Nine o’clock in the morning is much too early for that.
16No, what you see was predicted long ago by the prophet Joel:
17‘In the last days,’ God says, ‘I will pour out my Spirit upon all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions, and your old men will dream dreams.
18In those days I will pour out my Spirit even on my servants—men and women alike— and they will prophesy.
19And I will cause wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below— blood and fire and clouds of smoke.
20The sun will become dark, and the moon will turn blood red before that great and glorious day of the Lord arrives.
21But everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.’
22“People of Israel, listen! God publicly endorsed Jesus the Nazarene by doing powerful miracles, wonders, and signs through him, as you well know.
23But God knew what would happen, and his prearranged plan was carried out when Jesus was betrayed. With the help of lawless Gentiles, you nailed him to a cross and killed him.
24But God released him from the horrors of death and raised him back to life, for death could not keep him in its grip.
25King David said this about him: ‘I see that the Lord is always with me. I will not be shaken, for he is right beside me.
26No wonder my heart is glad, and my tongue shouts his praises! My body rests in hope.
27For you will not leave my soul among the dead or allow your Holy One to rot in the grave.
28You have shown me the way of life, and you will fill me with the joy of your presence.’
29“Dear brothers, think about this! You can be sure that the patriarch David wasn’t referring to himself, for he died and was buried, and his tomb is still here among us.
30But he was a prophet, and he knew God had promised with an oath that one of David’s own descendants would sit on his throne.
31David was looking into the future and speaking of the Messiah’s resurrection. He was saying that God would not leave him among the dead or allow his body to rot in the grave.
32“God raised Jesus from the dead, and we are all witnesses of this.
33Now he is exalted to the place of highest honor in heaven, at God’s right hand. And the Father, as he had promised, gave him the Holy Spirit to pour out upon us, just as you see and hear today.
34For David himself never ascended into heaven, yet he said, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit in the place of honor at my right hand
35until I humble your enemies, making them a footstool under your feet.”’
36“So let everyone in Israel know for certain that God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, to be both Lord and Messiah!”
37Peter’s words pierced their hearts, and they said to him and to the other apostles, “Brothers, what should we do?”
38Peter replied, “Each of you must repent of your sins and turn to God, and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. Then you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
39This promise is to you, to your children, and to those far away—all who have been called by the Lord our God.”
40Then Peter continued preaching for a long time, strongly urging all his listeners, “Save yourselves from this crooked generation!”
41Those who believed what Peter said were baptized and added to the church that day—about 3,000 in all.
42All the believers devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching, and to fellowship, and to sharing in meals (including the Lord’s Supper), and to prayer.
43A deep sense of awe came over them all, and the apostles performed many miraculous signs and wonders.
44And all the believers met together in one place and shared everything they had.
45They sold their property and possessions and shared the money with those in need.
46They worshiped together at the Temple each day, met in homes for the Lord’s Supper, and shared their meals with great joy and generosity—
47all the while praising God and enjoying the goodwill of all the people. And each day the Lord added to their fellowship those who were being saved.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Acts 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The descent of the Holy Spirit at the day of Pentecost. (1–4). The apostles speak in divers languages. (5–13). Peter's address to the Jews. (14–36). Three thousand souls converted. (37–41). The piety and affection of the disciples. (42–47).
vv1-4
We cannot forget how often, while their Master was with them there were strifes among the disciples which should be the greatest; but now all these strifes were at an end. They had prayed more together of late. Would we have the Spirit poured out upon us from on high, let us be all of one accord. And notwithstanding differences of sentiments and interests, as there were among those disciples, let us agree to love one another; for where brethren dwell together in unity, there the Lord commands his blessing. A rushing mighty wind came with great force. This was to signify the powerful influences and working of the Spirit of God upon the minds of men, and thereby upon the world. Thus the convictions of the Spirit make way for his comforts; and the rough blasts of that blessed wind, prepare the soul for its soft and gentle gales. There was an appearance of something like flaming fire, lighting on every one of them, according to John Baptist's saying concerning Christ; He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire. The Spirit, like fire, melts the heart, burns up the dross, and kindles pious and devout affections in the soul; in which, as in the fire on the altar, the spiritual sacrifices are offered up. They were all filled with the Holy Ghost, more than before. They were filled with the graces of the Spirit, and more than ever under his sanctifying influences; more weaned from this world, and better acquainted with the other. They were more filled with the comforts of the Spirit, rejoiced more than ever in the love of Christ and the hope of heaven: in it all their griefs and fears were swallowed up. They were filled with the gifts of the Holy Ghost; they had miraculous powers for the furtherance of the gospel. They spake, not from previous though or meditation, but as the Spirit gave them utterance.
vv5-13
The difference in languages which arose at Babel, has much hindered the spread of knowledge and religion. The instruments whom the Lord first employed in spreading the Christian religion, could have made no progress without this gift, which proved that their authority was from God.
vv14-21
Peter's sermon shows that he was thoroughly recovered from his fall, and thoroughly restored to the Divine favour; for he who had denied Christ, now boldly confessed him. His account of the miraculous pouring forth of the Spirit, was designed to awaken the hearers to embrace the faith of Christ, and to join themselves to his church. It was the fulfilling the Scripture, and the fruit of Christ's resurrection and ascension, and proof of both. Though Peter was filled with the Holy Ghost, and spake with tongues as the Spirit gave him utterance, yet he did not think to set aside the Scriptures. Christ's scholars never learn above their Bible; and the Spirit is given, not to do away the Scriptures, but to enable us to understand, approve, and obey them. Assuredly none will escape the condemnation of the great day, except those who call upon the name of the Lord, in and through his Son Jesus Christ, as the Saviour of sinners, and the Judge of all mankind.
Key Words
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
ἡμέρα (hēméra): day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the Jews as inclusive of the parts of both extremes); figuratively, a period (always defined more or less clearly by the context)
πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ): fiftieth (G2250 (ἡμέρα) being implied) from Passover, i.e. the festival of "Pentecost"
συμπληρόω (symplēróō): to implenish completely, i.e. (of space) to swamp (a boat), or (of time) to accomplish (passive, be complete)
ἦν (ēn): I (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
ἅπας (hápas): absolutely all or (singular) every one
ὁμοῦ (homoû): akin to G260 (ἅμα)) as adverb; at the same place or time
ἐπί (epí): properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e. over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on, etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon, etc.
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Cross References
Acts 2Directly cited by Peter as the primary prophecy being fulfilled by the Holy Spirit's outpouring.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Peter quotes and exposits Psalm 16:10 directly to prove Christ's bodily resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct citation of David's prophecy of Messiah's ascension and reign at God's right hand.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct development of the believers being of one heart and sharing all things in common.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Narrates the practical implementation of selling possessions and distributing to those in need.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes the Old Testament feast of Pentecost (fifty days/weeks) fulfilled on this day.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Jesus uses wind as a sovereign, mysterious emblem of the Spirit's regenerative work.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills John the Baptist's prophecy that Christ would baptize with the Holy Spirit and fire.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Peter quotes Joel's prophecy concerning salvation in the name of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul employs the identical argument from Psalm 16 in Antioch of Pisidia.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Illustrates the early church practice of meeting on the first day to break bread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Shows the continuity of the disciples continually praising God in the temple.
Supported by John Calvin
The breath/wind (ruach) from heaven breathing life into the dead, symbolizing spiritual rebirth.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Direct fulfillment of Jesus' promise that they would be baptized with the Holy Spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Peter quotes this passage detailing wonders in heaven, blood, fire, and smoke.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Peter quotes this text concerning the sun turning to darkness before the Lord's great day.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the dual agency of God's sovereign predestination and human responsibility in Christ's death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
God's oath to David that his descendant would sit on his throne.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Fulfills Christ's promise that the Father would send the Holy Spirit in His name.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
The source of the pentecostal outpouring which Peter identifies as now happening.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills Christ's command that repentance and remission of sins be preached starting at Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
The immediate execution of Peter's command to repent and be baptized.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah's people offering themselves willingly in the day of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Links back to the disciples continuing with one accord in prayer before Pentecost.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The recurring theme of great fear coming upon the church and onlookers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the combination of apostolic signs, public fear, and daily additions.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The giving of the Law on Sinai occurred fifty days after the first Passover.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Illustrates the continued massive gathering of diaspora Jews in Jerusalem during Pentecost.
Supported by John Calvin
The division and confusion of languages at Babel is reversed by the gift of tongues.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts being drunk with wine (mockers' charge) with being filled with the Holy Spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Peter's parallel defense of Jesus authenticated by miracles, wonders, and signs from God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The prophecy of looking on Him whom they pierced and mourning in deep conviction.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Peter's subsequent call to repentance and conversion for the blotting out of sins.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The covenant promise extending to believers and their children.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Explains how those 'afar off' are brought near by the gospel message.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Apostolic practice of breaking bread and eating together in home gatherings.
Supported by Matthew Henry