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John1

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

2The same was in the beginning with God.

3All things were made through him; and without him was not anything made that hath been made.

4In him was life; and the life was the light of men.

5And the light shineth in the darkness; and the darkness apprehended it not.

6There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John.

7The same came for witness, that he might bear witness of the light, that all might believe through him.

8He was not the light, but came that he might bear witness of the light.

9There was the true light, even the light which lighteth every man, coming into the world.

10He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world knew him not.

11He came unto his own, and they that were his own received him not.

12But as many as received him, to them gave he the right to become children of God, even to them that believe on his name:

13who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.

14And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us (and we beheld his glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father), full of grace and truth.

15John beareth witness of him, and crieth, saying, This was he of whom I said, He that cometh after me is become before me: for he was before me.

16For of his fulness we all received, and grace for grace.

17For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.

18No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.

19And this is the witness of John, when the Jews sent unto him from Jerusalem priests and Levites to ask him, Who art thou?

20And he confessed, and denied not; and he confessed, I am not the Christ.

21And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elijah? And he saith, I am not. Art thou the prophet? And he answered, No.

22They said therefore unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself?

23He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said Isaiah the prophet.

24And they had been sent from the Pharisees.

25And they asked him, and said unto him, Why then baptizest thou, if thou art not the Christ, neither Elijah, neither the prophet?

26John answered them, saying, I baptize in water: in the midst of you standeth one whom ye know not,

27even he that cometh after me, the latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to unloose.

28These things were done in Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.

29On the morrow he seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold, the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world!

30This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man who is become before me: for he was before me.

31And I knew him not; but that he should be made manifest to Israel, for this cause came I baptizing in water.

32And John bare witness, saying, I have beheld the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven; and it abode upon him.

33And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize in water, he said unto me, Upon whomsoever thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and abiding upon him, the same is he that baptizeth in the Holy Spirit.

34And I have seen, and have borne witness that this is the Son of God.

35Again on the morrow John was standing, and two of his disciples;

36and he looked upon Jesus as he walked, and saith, Behold, the Lamb of God!

37And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.

38And Jesus turned, and beheld them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? And they said unto him, Rabbi (which is to say, being interpreted, Teacher), where abidest thou?

39He saith unto them, Come, and ye shall see. They came therefore and saw where he abode; and they abode with him that day: it was about the tenth hour.

40One of the two that heard John speak, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother.

41He findeth first his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messiah (which is, being interpreted, Christ).

42He brought him unto Jesus. Jesus looked upon him, and said, Thou art Simon the son of John: thou shalt be called Cephas (which is by interpretation, Peter).

43On the morrow he was minded to go forth into Galilee, and he findeth Philip: and Jesus saith unto him, Follow me.

44Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter.

45Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, wrote, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.

46And Nathanael said unto him, Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see.

47Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile!

48Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee.

49Nathanael answered him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art King of Israel.

50Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee underneath the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these.

51And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye shall see the heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for John 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Divinity of Christ. (1–5). His Divine and human nature. (6–14). John the Baptist's testimony to Christ. (15–18). John's public testimony concerning Christ. (19–28). Other testimonies of John concerning Christ. (29–36). Andrew and another disciple follow Jesus. (37–42). Philip and Nathanael called. (43–51).

vv1-5

The plainest reason why the Son of God is called the Word, seems to be, that as our words explain our minds to others, so was the Son of God sent in order to reveal his Father's mind to the world. What the evangelist says of Christ proves that he is God. He asserts, His existence in the beginning; His coexistence with the Father. The Word was with God. All things were made by him, and not as an instrument. Without him was not any thing made that was made, from the highest angel to the meanest worm. This shows how well qualified he was for the work of our redemption and salvation. The light of reason, as well as the life of sense, is derived from him, and depends upon him. This eternal Word, this true Light shines, but the darkness comprehends it not. Let us pray without ceasing, that our eyes may be opened to behold this Light, that we may walk in it; and thus be made wise unto salvation, by faith in Jesus Christ.

vv6-14

John the Baptist came to bear witness concerning Jesus. Nothing more fully shows the darkness of men's minds, than that when the Light had appeared, there needed a witness to call attention to it. Christ was the true Light; that great Light which deserves to be called so. By his Spirit and grace he enlightens all that are enlightened to salvation; and those that are not enlightened by him, perish in darkness. Christ was in the world when he took our nature upon him, and dwelt among us. The Son of the Highest was here in this lower world. He was in the world, but not of it. He came to save a lost world, because it was a world of his own making. Yet the world knew him not. When he comes as a Judge, the world shall know him. Many say that they are Christ's own, yet do not receive him, because they will not part with their sins, nor have him to reign over them. All the children of God are born again. This new birth is through the word of God as the means, 1Pe 1:23, and by the Spirit of God as the Author. By his Divine presence Christ always was in the world. But now that the fulness of time was come, he was, after another manner, God manifested in the flesh. But observe the beams of his Divine glory, which darted through this veil of flesh. Men discover their weaknesses to those most familiar with them, but it was not so with Christ; those most intimate with him saw most of his glory. Although he was in the form of a servant, as to outward circumstances, yet, in respect of graces, his form was like the Son of God His Divine glory appeared in the holiness of his doctrine, and in his miracles. He was full of grace, fully acceptable to his Father, therefore qualified to plead for us; and full of truth, fully aware of the things he was to reveal.

vv15-18

As to the order of time and entrance on his work, Christ came after John, but in every other way he was before him. The expression clearly shows that Jesus had existence before he appeared on earth as man. All fulness dwells in him, from which alone fallen sinners have, and shall receive, by faith, all that renders them wise, strong, holy, useful, and happy. Our receivings by Christ are all summed up in this one word, grace; we have received “even grace,” a gift so great, so rich, so invaluable; the good will of God towards us, and the good work of God in us. The law of God is holy, just, and good; and we should make the proper use of it. But we cannot derive from it pardon, righteousness, or strength. It teaches us to adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour, but it cannot supply the place of that doctrine. As no mercy comes from God to sinners but through Jesus Christ, no man can come to the Father but by him; no man can know God, except as he is made known in the only begotten and beloved Son.

Cross References

John 1
v1Genesis 1:1allusion

Direct verbal echo of 'In the beginning' establishing the pre-existence of the Word before creation.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v23Isaiah 40:3-5quotation

Directly quoted by John the Baptist to explain his identity as the voice in the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v29Exodus 12:3-13typology

Typological foundation for Jesus as 'the Lamb of God' who takes away sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v51Genesis 28:12typology

Jacob's ladder prefigures Christ as the bridge between heaven and earth with angels ascending and descending.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

Old Testament personified Wisdom existing with God before creation, pointing to the pre-existent Word.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v3Colossians 1:16thematic

Confirms Christ as Creator, stating that all things in heaven and earth were created by Him.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v141 Timothy 3:16thematic

Parallels the Incarnation mystery: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v18Matthew 11:27thematic

Jesus declares that no one knows the Father except the Son, who reveals Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v18Exodus 33:20contrast

God tells Moses 'there shall no man see me, and live'—contrasting with Christ's declaration.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

The messianic prophecy of 'that Prophet' whom the Jewish delegation asked John about.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v26Matthew 3:11thematic

Synoptic parallel of John's testimony contrast between baptizing with water and the One coming after him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v29Isaiah 53:7allusion

Prophetic description of the Messiah led as a lamb to the slaughter, taking away sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42Matthew 16:18allusion

Jesus promises Simon will be named Cephas (Peter, a stone), fulfilled in his confession.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v45Deuteronomy 18:15fulfillment

Moses wrote of the coming Prophet, whom Philip identifies as Jesus of Nazareth.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v1Psalms 33:6allusion

Attributes creation of the heavens to the 'word of the Lord,' mirroring John 1:3.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1John 17:5thematic

Jesus speaks of the glory He shared with the Father 'before the world was.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The glorified Christ is explicitly named 'The Word of God' in apocalyptic revelation.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Hebrews 1:2thematic

Declares that God spoke through His Son, by whom He also made the worlds.

Supported by John Calvin

v4John 5:26thematic

The Father has granted the Son to have life in Himself, as the source of life.

Supported by JFB

v6Malachi 3:1fulfillment

Prophecy of the messenger sent to prepare the way before the Lord, fulfilled in John.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8John 5:35contrast

Jesus describes John as a burning and shining light, though John was not 'that Light.'

Supported by JFB

v131 Peter 1:23thematic

Believers are born again, not of corruptible seed, but of the incorruptible word of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Malachi 4:5thematic

Prophecy of Elijah's return, which the Jews associate with John's identity.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Matthew 11:14contrast

Jesus clarifies John's spiritual identity as Elijah, contrasting John's own denial of personal identity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Matthew 3:16thematic

Synoptic parallel recording the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove and abiding on Him.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v32Isaiah 11:2fulfillment

Prophecy of the Spirit of the Lord resting upon the branch of Jesse.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Daniel 9:25fulfillment

Daniel's prophecy of Messiah the Prince, whom Andrew claims to have found.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v42John 21:15-17thematic

Jesus addresses Peter as 'Simon, son of Jonas', recalling his original call here.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v47Psalms 32:2allusion

Defines the true Israelite as one in whose spirit there is no guile.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v1John 1:18thematic

The Son in the bosom of the Father declares God, matching the Word with God.

Supported by JFB

v3Hebrews 11:3thematic

By faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5John 3:19thematic

Condemnation is that light has come into the world, but men loved darkness rather than light.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v14Colossians 2:9thematic

In Christ dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily, echoing His grace and truth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Exodus 34:6allusion

The Lord's self-revelation to Moses as abundant in goodness (grace) and truth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Acts 13:25thematic

John the Baptist's testimony as he finished his course, denying that he is the Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v30John 1:15thematic

Literal repetition of John's witness that the One coming after is preferred before him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB