Proverbs23
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, Consider diligently him that is before thee;
2And put a knife to thy throat, If thou be a man given to appetite.
3Be not desirous of his dainties; Seeing they are deceitful food.
4Weary not thyself to be rich; Cease from thine own wisdom.
5Wilt thou set thine eyes upon that which is not? For riches certainly make themselves wings, Like an eagle that flieth toward heaven.
6Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, Neither desire thou his dainties:
7For as he thinketh within himself, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; But his heart is not with thee.
8The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, And lose thy sweet words.
9Speak not in the hearing of a fool; For he will despise the wisdom of thy words.
10Remove not the ancient landmark; And enter not into the fields of the fatherless:
11For their Redeemer is strong; He will plead their cause against thee.
12Apply thy heart unto instruction, And thine ears to the words of knowledge.
13Withhold not correction from the child; For if thou beat him with the rod, he will not die.
14Thou shalt beat him with the rod, And shalt deliver his soul from Sheol.
15My son, if thy heart be wise, My heart will be glad, even mine:
16Yea, my heart will rejoice, When thy lips speak right things.
17Let not thy heart envy sinners; But be thou in the fear of Jehovah all the day long:
18For surely there is a reward; And thy hope shall not be cut off.
19Hear thou, my son, and be wise, And guide thy heart in the way.
20Be not among winebibbers, Among gluttonous eaters of flesh:
21For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty; And drowsiness will clothe a man with rags.
22Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, And despise not thy mother when she is old.
23Buy the truth, and sell it not; Yea, wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.
24The father of the righteous will greatly rejoice; And he that begetteth a wise child will have joy of him.
25Let thy father and thy mother be glad, And let her that bare thee rejoice.
26My son, give me thy heart; And let thine eyes delight in my ways.
27For a harlot is a deep ditch; And a foreign woman is a narrow pit.
28Yea, she lieth in wait as a robber, And increaseth the treacherous among men.
29Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? Who hath complaining? who hath wounds without cause? Who hath redness of eyes?
30They that tarry long at the wine; They that go to seek out mixed wine.
31Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, When it sparkleth in the cup, When it goeth down smoothly:
32At the last it biteth like a serpent, And stingeth like an adder.
33Thine eyes shall behold strange things, And thy heart shall utter perverse things.
34Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, Or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast.
35They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not hurt; They have beaten me, and I felt it not: When shall I awake? I will seek it yet again.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 23.
vv1-3
God's restraints of the appetite only say, Do thyself no harm.
vv4-5
Be not of those that will be rich. The things of this world are not happiness and a portion for a soul; those that hold them ever so fast, cannot hold them always, cannot hold them long.
vv6-8
Do not make thyself burdensome to any, especially those not sincere. When we are called by God to his feast, and to let our souls delight themselves, Isa 25:6; 55:2, we may safely partake of the Bread of life.
Key Words
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
לָחַם: to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction)
מָשַׁל: to rule
בִּין: to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e.(generally) understand
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
שַׂכִּין: a knife (as pointed or edged)
לֹעַ: the gullet
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
בַּעַל: a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
Cross References
Proverbs 23Christ explicitly warns against covetousness, confirming that life does not consist in the abundance of possessions.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ warns against casting pearls before swine, echoing the prohibition against speaking wisdom to a fool.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Solomon echoes his own warning that the mouth of strange women is a deep pit.
Supported by JFB
The warning against the host's dainties is directly explained by the description of his evil eye.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul warns against the desire to be rich, parallel to laboring to be rich.
Supported by JFB
Command to trust in the Lord and 'lean not unto thine own understanding' (wisdom).
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic warning against having an 'evil eye' (grudging heart) toward those in need.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel prohibition against removing the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set.
Parallel warning that Yahweh Himself will plead the cause of the spoiled and poor.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the 'evil eye' of the miserly with the 'bountiful eye' that is blessed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel advice not to reprove a scorner, lest he hate thee.
Supported by JFB
Classic proverb on the rod of correction, showing sparing it denotes hatred.
Echoes the foundational call to hear the instruction of thy father and mother.
Supported by JFB
Guiding the heart in the way is linked directly to giving the heart to Wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hosea warns that whoredom and wine take away the heart, linking the chapter's dual warnings.
Supported by JFB