Proverbs23
New International Version
1When you sit to dine with a ruler, note well what is before you,
2and put a knife to your throat if you are given to gluttony.
3Do not crave his delicacies, for that food is deceptive.
4Do not wear yourself out to get rich; do not trust your own cleverness.
5Cast but a glance at riches, and they are gone, for they will surely sprout wings and fly off to the sky like an eagle.
6Do not eat the food of a begrudging host, do not crave his delicacies;
7for he is the kind of person who is always thinking about the cost. “Eat and drink,” he says to you, but his heart is not with you.
8You will vomit up the little you have eaten and will have wasted your compliments.
9Do not speak to fools, for they will scorn your prudent words.
10Do not move an ancient boundary stone or encroach on the fields of the fatherless,
11for their Defender is strong; he will take up their case against you.
12Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to words of knowledge.
13Do not withhold discipline from a child; if you punish them with the rod, they will not die.
14Punish them with the rod and save them from death.
15My son, if your heart is wise, then my heart will be glad indeed;
16my inmost being will rejoice when your lips speak what is right.
17Do not let your heart envy sinners, but always be zealous for the fear of the Lord.
18There is surely a future hope for you, and your hope will not be cut off.
19Listen, my son, and be wise, and set your heart on the right path:
20Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat,
21for drunkards and gluttons become poor, and drowsiness clothes them in rags.
22Listen to your father, who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
23Buy the truth and do not sell it— wisdom, instruction and insight as well.
24The father of a righteous child has great joy; a man who fathers a wise son rejoices in him.
25May your father and mother rejoice; may she who gave you birth be joyful!
26My son, give me your heart and let your eyes delight in my ways,
27for an adulterous woman is a deep pit, and a wayward wife is a narrow well.
28Like a bandit she lies in wait and multiplies the unfaithful among men.
29Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has strife? Who has complaints? Who has needless bruises? Who has bloodshot eyes?
30Those who linger over wine, who go to sample bowls of mixed wine.
31Do not gaze at wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup, when it goes down smoothly!
32In the end it bites like a snake and poisons like a viper.
33Your eyes will see strange sights, and your mind will imagine confusing things.
34You will be like one sleeping on the high seas, lying on top of the rigging.
35“They hit me,” you will say, “but I’m not hurt! They beat me, but I don’t feel it! When will I wake up so I can find another drink?”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 23.
vv1-3
God's restraints of the appetite only say, Do thyself no harm.
vv4-5
Be not of those that will be rich. The things of this world are not happiness and a portion for a soul; those that hold them ever so fast, cannot hold them always, cannot hold them long.
vv6-8
Do not make thyself burdensome to any, especially those not sincere. When we are called by God to his feast, and to let our souls delight themselves, Isa 25:6; 55:2, we may safely partake of the Bread of life.
Key Words
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
לָחַם: to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction)
מָשַׁל: to rule
בִּין: to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e.(generally) understand
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
שַׂכִּין: a knife (as pointed or edged)
לֹעַ: the gullet
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
בַּעַל: a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
Cross References
Proverbs 23Christ explicitly warns against covetousness, confirming that life does not consist in the abundance of possessions.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ warns against casting pearls before swine, echoing the prohibition against speaking wisdom to a fool.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Solomon echoes his own warning that the mouth of strange women is a deep pit.
Supported by JFB
The warning against the host's dainties is directly explained by the description of his evil eye.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul warns against the desire to be rich, parallel to laboring to be rich.
Supported by JFB
Command to trust in the Lord and 'lean not unto thine own understanding' (wisdom).
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic warning against having an 'evil eye' (grudging heart) toward those in need.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel prohibition against removing the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set.
Parallel warning that Yahweh Himself will plead the cause of the spoiled and poor.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the 'evil eye' of the miserly with the 'bountiful eye' that is blessed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel advice not to reprove a scorner, lest he hate thee.
Supported by JFB
Classic proverb on the rod of correction, showing sparing it denotes hatred.
Echoes the foundational call to hear the instruction of thy father and mother.
Supported by JFB
Guiding the heart in the way is linked directly to giving the heart to Wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hosea warns that whoredom and wine take away the heart, linking the chapter's dual warnings.
Supported by JFB