Proverbs23
New American Standard
1 When you sit down to dine with a ruler, Consider carefully what is before you,
2 And put a knife to your throat If you are a person of great appetite.
3 Do not desire his delicacies, For it is deceptive food.
4 Do not weary yourself to gain wealth; Stop dwelling on it.
5 When you set your eyes on it, it is gone. For wealth certainly makes itself wings Like an eagle that flies toward the heavens.
6 Do not eat the bread of a selfish person; Or desire his delicacies;
7 For as he thinks within himself, so he is. He says to you, “Eat and drink!” But his heart is not with you.
8 You will vomit up the morsel you have eaten And waste your compliments.
9 Do not speak to be heard by a fool, For he will despise the wisdom of your words.
10 Do not move the ancient boundary Or go into the fields of the fatherless,
11 For their Redeemer is strong; He will plead their case against you.
12 Apply your heart to discipline, And your ears to words of knowledge.
13 Do not withhold discipline from a child; Though you strike him with the rod, he will not die.
14 You shall strike him with the rod And rescue his soul from Sheol.
15 My son, if your heart is wise, My own heart also will be glad,
16 And my innermost being will rejoice When your lips speak what is right.
17 Do not let your heart envy sinners, But live in the fear of the Lord always.
18 Certainly there is a future, And your hope will not be cut off.
19 Listen, my son, and be wise, And direct your heart in the way.
20 Do not be with heavy drinkers of wine, Or with gluttonous eaters of meat;
21 For the heavy drinker and the glutton will come to poverty, And drowsiness will clothe one with rags.
22 Listen to your father, who fathered you, And do not despise your mother when she is old.
23 Buy truth, and do not sell it, Get wisdom, instruction, and understanding.
24 The father of the righteous will greatly rejoice, And he who fathers a wise son will be glad in him.
25 Let your father and your mother be glad, And let her rejoice who gave birth to you.
26 Give me your heart, my son, And let your eyes delight in my ways.
27 For a prostitute is a deep pit, And a strange woman is a narrow well.
28 Certainly she lurks as a robber, And increases the treacherous among mankind.
29 Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has contentions? Who has complaining? Who has wounds without cause? Who has red eyes?
30 Those who linger long over wine, Those who go to taste mixed wine.
31 Do not look at wine when it is red, When it sparkles in the cup, When it goes down smoothly;
32 In the end it bites like a snake And stings like a viper.
33 Your eyes will see strange things And your mind will say perverse things.
34 And you will be like one who lies down in the middle of the sea, Or like one who lies down on the top of a mast.
35 “They struck me, but I did not become ill; They beat me, but I did not know it. When will I awake? I will seek another drink.”
Study
Proverbs 23Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 23. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
vv1-3
God's restraints of the appetite only say, Do thyself no harm.
vv4-5
Be not of those that will be rich. The things of this world are not happiness and a portion for a soul; those that hold them ever so fast, cannot hold them always, cannot hold them long.
vv6-8
Do not make thyself burdensome to any, especially those not sincere. When we are called by God to his feast, and to let our souls delight themselves, Isa 25:6; 55:2, we may safely partake of the Bread of life.
Key Words
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
לָחַם: to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction)
מָשַׁל: to rule
בִּין: to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e.(generally) understand
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
שַׂכִּין: a knife (as pointed or edged)
לֹעַ: the gullet
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
בַּעַל: a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
Cross References
Proverbs 23Christ explicitly warns against covetousness, confirming that life does not consist in the abundance of possessions.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ warns against casting pearls before swine, echoing the prohibition against speaking wisdom to a fool.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Solomon echoes his own warning that the mouth of strange women is a deep pit.
Supported by JFB
The warning against the host's dainties is directly explained by the description of his evil eye.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul warns against the desire to be rich, parallel to laboring to be rich.
Supported by JFB
Command to trust in the Lord and 'lean not unto thine own understanding' (wisdom).
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic warning against having an 'evil eye' (grudging heart) toward those in need.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel prohibition against removing the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set.
Parallel warning that Yahweh Himself will plead the cause of the spoiled and poor.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the 'evil eye' of the miserly with the 'bountiful eye' that is blessed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel advice not to reprove a scorner, lest he hate thee.
Supported by JFB
Classic proverb on the rod of correction, showing sparing it denotes hatred.
Echoes the foundational call to hear the instruction of thy father and mother.
Supported by JFB
Guiding the heart in the way is linked directly to giving the heart to Wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hosea warns that whoredom and wine take away the heart, linking the chapter's dual warnings.
Supported by JFB