Exodus 9NASB
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Exodus9

New American Standard

1Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and speak to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: “Let My people go, so that they may serve Me.

2For if you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them,

3behold, the hand of the Lord will come with a very severe plague on your livestock which are in the field, on the horses, on the donkeys, on the camels, on the herds, and on the flocks.

4But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that nothing will die of all that belongs to the sons of Israel.”’”

5And the Lord set a definite time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.”

6So the Lord did this thing on the next day, and all the livestock of Egypt died; but not one of the livestock of the sons of Israel died.

7And Pharaoh sent men, and they learned that, behold, not even one of the livestock of Israel was dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

8Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take for yourselves handfuls of soot from a kiln, and Moses shall toss it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh.

9Then it will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and will turn into boils breaking out with sores on every person and animal through all the land of Egypt.”

10So they took soot from a kiln, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses tossed it toward the sky, and it became boils breaking out with sores on every person and animal.

11The soothsayer priests could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils were on the soothsayer priests as well as on all the Egyptians.

12But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had spoken to Moses.

13Then the Lord said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: “Let My people go, so that they may serve Me.

14For this time I am going to send all My plagues on you and your servants and your people, so that you may know that there is no one like Me in all the earth.

15For had I now put out My hand and struck you and your people with plague, you would then have been eliminated from the earth.

16But indeed, for this reason I have allowed you to remain, in order to show you My power and in order to proclaim My name throughout the earth.

17Still you exalt yourself against My people by not letting them go.

18Behold, about this time tomorrow, I will send a very heavy hail, such as has not been seen in Egypt from the day it was founded until now.

19So now, send word, bring your livestock and whatever you have in the field to safety. Every person and animal that is found in the field and is not brought home, when the hail comes down on them, will die.”’”

20Everyone among the servants of Pharaoh who feared the word of the Lord hurried to bring his servants and his livestock into the houses;

21but everyone who did not pay regard to the word of the Lord left his servants and his livestock in the field.

22Now the Lord said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand toward the sky, so that hail may fall on all the land of Egypt, on every person and animal, and on every plant of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.”

23So Moses reached out with his staff toward the sky, and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth. And the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt.

24So there was hail, and fire flashing intermittently in the midst of the hail, which was very heavy, such as had not occurred in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

25The hail struck everything that was in the field through all the land of Egypt, from people to animals; the hail also struck every plant of the field, and shattered every tree of the field.

26Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, was there no hail.

27Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, “I have sinned this time; the Lord is the righteous one, and I and my people are the wicked ones.

28Plead with the Lord, for there has been enough of God’s thunder and hail; and I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.”

29Moses said to him, “As soon as I go out of the city, I will spread out my hands to the Lord; the thunder will cease and there will no longer be hail, so that you may know that the earth is the Lord’s.

30But as for you and your servants, I know that you do not yet fear the Lord God.”

31(Now the flax and the barley were ruined, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud.

32But the wheat and the spelt were not ruined, for they ripen late.)

33So Moses left the city from his meeting with Pharaoh, and spread out his hands to the Lord; and the thunder and the hail stopped, and rain no longer poured on the earth.

34But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had stopped, he sinned again and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

35So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not let the sons of Israel go, just as the Lord had spoken through Moses.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 9.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The murrain of beasts. (1–7). The plague of boils and blains. (8–12). The plague of hail threatened. (13–21). The plague of hail inflicted. (22–35).

vv1-7

God will have Israel released, Pharaoh opposes it, and the trial is, whose word shall stand. The hand of the Lord at once is upon the cattle, many of which, some of all kinds, die by a sort of murrain. This was greatly to the loss of the owners; they had made Israel poor, and now God would make them poor. The hand of God is to be seen, even in the sickness and death of cattle; for a sparrow falls not to the ground without our Father. None of the Israelites' cattle should die; the Lord shall sever. The cattle died. The Egyptians worshipped their cattle. What we make an idol of, it is just with God to remove from us. This proud tyrant and cruel oppressor deserved to be made an example by the just Judge of the universe. None who are punished according to what they deserve, can have any just cause to complain. Hardness of heart denotes that state of mind upon which neither threatenings nor promise, neither judgements nor mercies, make any abiding impression. The conscience being stupified, and the heart filled with pride and presumption, they persist in unbelief and disobedience. This state of mind is also called the stony heart. Very different is the heart of flesh, the broken and contrite heart. Sinners have none to blame but themselves, for that pride and ungodliness which abuse the bounty and patience of God. For, however the Lord hardens the hearts of men, it is always as a punishment of former sins.

vv8-12

When the Egyptians were not wrought upon by the death of their cattle, God sent a plague that seized their own bodies. If lesser judgments do not work, God will send greater. Sometimes God shows men their sin in their punishment. They had oppressed Israel in the furnaces, and now the ashes of the furnace are made a terror to them. The plague itself was very grievous. The magicians themselves were struck with these boils. Their power was restrained before; but they continued to withstand Moses, and to confirm Pharaoh in his unbelief, till they were forced to give way. Pharaoh continued obstinate. He had hardened his own heart, and now God justly gave him up to his own heart's lusts, permitting Satan to blind and harden him. If men shut their eyes against the light, it is just with God to close their eyes. This is the sorest judgment a man can be under out of hell.

vv13-21

Moses is here ordered to deliver a dreadful message to Pharaoh. Providence ordered it, that Moses should have a man of such a fierce and stubborn spirit as this Pharaoh to deal with; and every thing made it a most signal instance of the power of God has to humble and bring down the proudest of his enemies. When God's justice threatens ruin, his mercy at the same time shows a way of escape from it. God not only distinguished between Egyptians and Israelites, but between some Egyptians and others. If Pharaoh will not yield, and so prevent the judgment itself, yet those that will take warning, may take shelter. Some believed the things which were spoken, and they feared, and housed their servants and cattle, and it was their wisdom. Even among the servants of Pharaoh, some trembled at God's word; and shall not the sons of Israel dread it? But others believed not, and left their cattle in the field. Obstinate unbelief is deaf to the fairest warnings, and the wisest counsels, which leaves the blood of those that perish upon their own heads.

Cross References

Exodus 9
v16Romans 9:17quotation

Paul explicitly quotes Exodus 9:16 to establish the doctrine of God's sovereign purpose in raising up Pharaoh.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Paul quotes the exact truth declared here: 'the earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v29Psalms 24:1thematic

Declares that 'the earth is the Lord's,' directly corresponding to Moses' words of sovereign ownership.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The 'iron furnace' of Egypt is converted to ashes of judgment to chastise Israel's oppressors.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v23Psalms 105:32thematic

Direct historical poetic reflection on God sending hail and flaming fire upon Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v23Psalms 78:47thematic

Poetic recounting of the plague destroying Egyptian vines and sycamore trees with frost and hail.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v34Exodus 8:15thematic

Matches Pharaoh's pattern of hardening his heart as soon as he saw there was respite.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Romans 9:18thematic

Paul uses Pharaoh's hardening to illustrate that God has mercy on whom He will, and hardens whom He will.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Jeremiah 11:4thematic

Verbal link to the 'furnace' symbolizing Egypt's crucible of cruel oppression.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The 'botch of Egypt' is threatened as a covenant curse, referencing these historical boils and blains.

Supported by JFB

v112 Timothy 3:8thematic

Paul names Jannes and Jambres, the magicians who withstood Moses but could not stand before his miracles.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Deuteronomy 4:20thematic

Refers to Egypt as the 'iron furnace,' reflecting the symbolic source of the ashes of plague.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v231 Samuel 12:17thematic

Parallel where God sends unseasonable thunder and rain at a prophet's word to show his power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v35Romans 9:17thematic

Paul cites Pharaoh's hardening to demonstrate God's sovereign purpose in raising him up.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Job 2:7thematic

Job is smitten with sore boils from head to foot, using the same physical affliction.

Supported by JFB

v14Leviticus 26:21thematic

Calvin notes the grading of judgments: sevenfold plagues are sent on those who remain obstinate.

Supported by John Calvin

v16Proverbs 16:4thematic

God has made all things for himself, even the wicked Pharaoh for the day of evil.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Hebrews 11:7thematic

Like Noah, those Egyptians who 'feared the word' took warning of unseen events and housed cattle.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 19:14thematic

Those who mock warnings perish, mirroring Pharaoh's servants who disregarded God's word.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Proverbs 22:3thematic

A prudent man foresees evil and hides, while the simple pass on and are punished.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Revelation 16:21thematic

Eschatological parallel where men blaspheme God due to a great plague of plague-like heavy hail.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Exodus 10:23thematic

Parallels the strict geographical separation between the plagued Egyptians and the light-filled dwellings of Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v27Exodus 10:16thematic

Pharaoh's identical, insincere confession of sin under the pressure of the next severe plague.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Exodus 8:22thematic

Repeats the divine severing/distinction between Goshen and Egypt to demonstrate Yahweh's unique presence.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v11Exodus 8:19thematic

Magicians who previously confessed 'the finger of God' are now utterly overcome by the boils.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Exodus 4:21fulfillment

Fulfills the early prediction that God would progressively harden Pharaoh's heart.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Micah 6:13allusion

Poole links God making Pharaoh's heart sick with the wording of making sick by smiting.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v271 Samuel 15:24thematic

Saul's insincere 'I have sinned' confession, driven by fear of consequences rather than true repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Acts 8:24thematic

Simon Magus, like Pharaoh, asks others to entreat God to avert consequences without true repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Revelation 16:10thematic

The plague of darkness and sores in Revelation causes the obstinate to blaspheme rather than repent.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Exodus 9:15thematic

Refers to the potential of immediate pestilential destruction which God has withheld to display power.

Supported by Matthew Poole