Exodus 9NLT
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Exodus9

New Living Translation

1“Go back to Pharaoh,” the Lord commanded Moses. “Tell him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so they can worship me.

2If you continue to hold them and refuse to let them go,

3the hand of the Lord will strike all your livestock—your horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats—with a deadly plague.

4But the Lord will again make a distinction between the livestock of the Israelites and that of the Egyptians. Not a single one of Israel’s animals will die!

5The Lord has already set the time for the plague to begin. He has declared that he will strike the land tomorrow.’”

6And the Lord did just as he had said. The next morning all the livestock of the Egyptians died, but the Israelites didn’t lose a single animal.

7Pharaoh sent his officials to investigate, and they discovered that the Israelites had not lost a single animal! But even so, Pharaoh’s heart remained stubborn, and he still refused to let the people go.

8Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from a brick kiln, and have Moses toss it into the air while Pharaoh watches.

9The ashes will spread like fine dust over the whole land of Egypt, causing festering boils to break out on people and animals throughout the land.”

10So they took soot from a brick kiln and went and stood before Pharaoh. As Pharaoh watched, Moses threw the soot into the air, and boils broke out on people and animals alike.

11Even the magicians were unable to stand before Moses, because the boils had broken out on them and all the Egyptians.

12But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and just as the Lord had predicted to Moses, Pharaoh refused to listen.

13Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh. Tell him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so they can worship me.

14If you don’t, I will send more plagues on you and your officials and your people. Then you will know that there is no one like me in all the earth.

15By now I could have lifted my hand and struck you and your people with a plague to wipe you off the face of the earth.

16But I have spared you for a purpose—to show you my power and to spread my fame throughout the earth.

17But you still lord it over my people and refuse to let them go.

18So tomorrow at this time I will send a hailstorm more devastating than any in all the history of Egypt.

19Quick! Order your livestock and servants to come in from the fields to find shelter. Any person or animal left outside will die when the hail falls.’”

20Some of Pharaoh’s officials were afraid because of what the Lord had said. They quickly brought their servants and livestock in from the fields.

21But those who paid no attention to the word of the Lord left theirs out in the open.

22Then the Lord said to Moses, “Lift your hand toward the sky so hail may fall on the people, the livestock, and all the plants throughout the land of Egypt.”

23So Moses lifted his staff toward the sky, and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and lightning flashed toward the earth. The Lord sent a tremendous hailstorm against all the land of Egypt.

24Never in all the history of Egypt had there been a storm like that, with such devastating hail and continuous lightning.

25It left all of Egypt in ruins. The hail struck down everything in the open field—people, animals, and plants alike. Even the trees were destroyed.

26The only place without hail was the region of Goshen, where the people of Israel lived.

27Then Pharaoh quickly summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,” he confessed. “The Lord is the righteous one, and my people and I are wrong.

28Please beg the Lord to end this terrifying thunder and hail. We’ve had enough. I will let you go; you don’t need to stay any longer.”

29“All right,” Moses replied. “As soon as I leave the city, I will lift my hands and pray to the Lord. Then the thunder and hail will stop, and you will know that the earth belongs to the Lord.

30But I know that you and your officials still do not fear the Lord God.”

31(All the flax and barley were ruined by the hail, because the barley had formed heads and the flax was budding.

32But the wheat and the emmer wheat were spared, because they had not yet sprouted from the ground.)

33So Moses left Pharaoh’s court and went out of the city. When he lifted his hands to the Lord, the thunder and hail stopped, and the downpour ceased.

34But when Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail, and thunder had stopped, he and his officials sinned again, and Pharaoh again became stubborn.

35Because his heart was hard, Pharaoh refused to let the people leave, just as the Lord had predicted through Moses.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 9.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The murrain of beasts. (1–7). The plague of boils and blains. (8–12). The plague of hail threatened. (13–21). The plague of hail inflicted. (22–35).

vv1-7

God will have Israel released, Pharaoh opposes it, and the trial is, whose word shall stand. The hand of the Lord at once is upon the cattle, many of which, some of all kinds, die by a sort of murrain. This was greatly to the loss of the owners; they had made Israel poor, and now God would make them poor. The hand of God is to be seen, even in the sickness and death of cattle; for a sparrow falls not to the ground without our Father. None of the Israelites' cattle should die; the Lord shall sever. The cattle died. The Egyptians worshipped their cattle. What we make an idol of, it is just with God to remove from us. This proud tyrant and cruel oppressor deserved to be made an example by the just Judge of the universe. None who are punished according to what they deserve, can have any just cause to complain. Hardness of heart denotes that state of mind upon which neither threatenings nor promise, neither judgements nor mercies, make any abiding impression. The conscience being stupified, and the heart filled with pride and presumption, they persist in unbelief and disobedience. This state of mind is also called the stony heart. Very different is the heart of flesh, the broken and contrite heart. Sinners have none to blame but themselves, for that pride and ungodliness which abuse the bounty and patience of God. For, however the Lord hardens the hearts of men, it is always as a punishment of former sins.

vv8-12

When the Egyptians were not wrought upon by the death of their cattle, God sent a plague that seized their own bodies. If lesser judgments do not work, God will send greater. Sometimes God shows men their sin in their punishment. They had oppressed Israel in the furnaces, and now the ashes of the furnace are made a terror to them. The plague itself was very grievous. The magicians themselves were struck with these boils. Their power was restrained before; but they continued to withstand Moses, and to confirm Pharaoh in his unbelief, till they were forced to give way. Pharaoh continued obstinate. He had hardened his own heart, and now God justly gave him up to his own heart's lusts, permitting Satan to blind and harden him. If men shut their eyes against the light, it is just with God to close their eyes. This is the sorest judgment a man can be under out of hell.

vv13-21

Moses is here ordered to deliver a dreadful message to Pharaoh. Providence ordered it, that Moses should have a man of such a fierce and stubborn spirit as this Pharaoh to deal with; and every thing made it a most signal instance of the power of God has to humble and bring down the proudest of his enemies. When God's justice threatens ruin, his mercy at the same time shows a way of escape from it. God not only distinguished between Egyptians and Israelites, but between some Egyptians and others. If Pharaoh will not yield, and so prevent the judgment itself, yet those that will take warning, may take shelter. Some believed the things which were spoken, and they feared, and housed their servants and cattle, and it was their wisdom. Even among the servants of Pharaoh, some trembled at God's word; and shall not the sons of Israel dread it? But others believed not, and left their cattle in the field. Obstinate unbelief is deaf to the fairest warnings, and the wisest counsels, which leaves the blood of those that perish upon their own heads.

Cross References

Exodus 9
v16Romans 9:17quotation

Paul explicitly quotes Exodus 9:16 to establish the doctrine of God's sovereign purpose in raising up Pharaoh.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Paul quotes the exact truth declared here: 'the earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v29Psalms 24:1thematic

Declares that 'the earth is the Lord's,' directly corresponding to Moses' words of sovereign ownership.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The 'iron furnace' of Egypt is converted to ashes of judgment to chastise Israel's oppressors.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v23Psalms 105:32thematic

Direct historical poetic reflection on God sending hail and flaming fire upon Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v23Psalms 78:47thematic

Poetic recounting of the plague destroying Egyptian vines and sycamore trees with frost and hail.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v34Exodus 8:15thematic

Matches Pharaoh's pattern of hardening his heart as soon as he saw there was respite.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Romans 9:18thematic

Paul uses Pharaoh's hardening to illustrate that God has mercy on whom He will, and hardens whom He will.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Jeremiah 11:4thematic

Verbal link to the 'furnace' symbolizing Egypt's crucible of cruel oppression.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The 'botch of Egypt' is threatened as a covenant curse, referencing these historical boils and blains.

Supported by JFB

v112 Timothy 3:8thematic

Paul names Jannes and Jambres, the magicians who withstood Moses but could not stand before his miracles.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Deuteronomy 4:20thematic

Refers to Egypt as the 'iron furnace,' reflecting the symbolic source of the ashes of plague.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v231 Samuel 12:17thematic

Parallel where God sends unseasonable thunder and rain at a prophet's word to show his power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v35Romans 9:17thematic

Paul cites Pharaoh's hardening to demonstrate God's sovereign purpose in raising him up.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Job 2:7thematic

Job is smitten with sore boils from head to foot, using the same physical affliction.

Supported by JFB

v14Leviticus 26:21thematic

Calvin notes the grading of judgments: sevenfold plagues are sent on those who remain obstinate.

Supported by John Calvin

v16Proverbs 16:4thematic

God has made all things for himself, even the wicked Pharaoh for the day of evil.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Hebrews 11:7thematic

Like Noah, those Egyptians who 'feared the word' took warning of unseen events and housed cattle.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 19:14thematic

Those who mock warnings perish, mirroring Pharaoh's servants who disregarded God's word.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Proverbs 22:3thematic

A prudent man foresees evil and hides, while the simple pass on and are punished.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Revelation 16:21thematic

Eschatological parallel where men blaspheme God due to a great plague of plague-like heavy hail.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Exodus 10:23thematic

Parallels the strict geographical separation between the plagued Egyptians and the light-filled dwellings of Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v27Exodus 10:16thematic

Pharaoh's identical, insincere confession of sin under the pressure of the next severe plague.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Exodus 8:22thematic

Repeats the divine severing/distinction between Goshen and Egypt to demonstrate Yahweh's unique presence.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v11Exodus 8:19thematic

Magicians who previously confessed 'the finger of God' are now utterly overcome by the boils.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Exodus 4:21fulfillment

Fulfills the early prediction that God would progressively harden Pharaoh's heart.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Micah 6:13allusion

Poole links God making Pharaoh's heart sick with the wording of making sick by smiting.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v271 Samuel 15:24thematic

Saul's insincere 'I have sinned' confession, driven by fear of consequences rather than true repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Acts 8:24thematic

Simon Magus, like Pharaoh, asks others to entreat God to avert consequences without true repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Revelation 16:10thematic

The plague of darkness and sores in Revelation causes the obstinate to blaspheme rather than repent.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Exodus 9:15thematic

Refers to the potential of immediate pestilential destruction which God has withheld to display power.

Supported by Matthew Poole