Jeremiah3
New American Standard
1God says, “If a husband divorces his wife And she leaves him And becomes another man’s wife, Will he return to her again? Would that land not be completely defiled? But you are a prostitute with many lovers; Yet you turn to Me,” declares the Lord.
2“Raise your eyes to the bare heights and see; Where have you not been violated? You have sat for them by the roads Like an Arab in the desert, And you have defiled a land With your prostitution and your wickedness.
3Therefore the showers have been withheld, And there has been no spring rain. Yet you had a prostitute’s forehead; You refused to be ashamed.
4Have you not just now called to Me, ‘My Father, You are the friend of my youth?
5Will He be angry forever, Or keep His anger to the end?’ Behold, you have spoken And have done evil things, And you have had your own way.”
6Then the Lord said to me in the days of King Josiah, “Have you seen what faithless Israel did? She went up on every high hill and under every leafy tree, and she prostituted herself there.
7Yet I thought, ‘After she has done all these things she will return to Me’; but she did not return, and her treacherous sister Judah saw it.
8And I saw that for all the adulteries of faithless Israel, I had sent her away and given her a certificate of divorce, yet her treacherous sister Judah did not fear; but she went and prostituted herself also.
9And because of the thoughtlessness of her prostitution, she defiled the land and committed adultery with stones and trees.
10Yet in spite of all this her treacherous sister Judah did not return to Me with all her heart, but rather in deception,” declares the Lord.
11And the Lord said to me, “Faithless Israel has proved herself to be more righteous than treacherous Judah.
12Go and proclaim these words toward the north and say, ‘Return, faithless Israel,’ declares the Lord; ‘I will not look at you in anger. For I am gracious,’ declares the Lord; ‘I will not be angry forever.
13Only acknowledge your wrongdoing, That you have revolted against the Lord your God, And have scattered your favors to the strangers under every leafy tree, And you have not obeyed My voice,’ declares the Lord.
14‘Return, you faithless sons,’ declares the Lord; ‘For I am a master to you, And I will take you, one from a city and two from a family, And bring you to Zion.’
15“Then I will give you shepherds after My own heart, who will feed you knowledge and understanding.
16And it shall be in those days when you become numerous and are fruitful in the land,” declares the Lord, “they will no longer say, ‘The ark of the covenant of the Lord.’ And it will not come to mind, nor will they remember it, nor miss it, nor will it be made again.
17At that time they will call Jerusalem ‘The Throne of the Lord,’ and all the nations will assemble at it, at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord; and they will no longer follow the stubbornness of their evil heart.
18In those days the house of Judah will walk with the house of Israel, and they will come together from the land of the north to the land that I gave your fathers as an inheritance.
19“Then I said, ‘How I would set you among My sons And give you a pleasant land, The most beautiful inheritance of the nations!’ And I said, ‘You shall call Me, My Father, And not turn away from following Me.’
20However, as a woman treacherously leaves her lover, So you have dealt treacherously with Me, House of Israel,” declares the Lord.
21A voice is heard on the bare heights, The weeping, the pleading of the sons of Israel. Because they have perverted their way, They have forgotten the Lord their God.
22“Return, you faithless sons, I will heal your faithlessness.” “Behold, we come to You; For You are the Lord our God.
23Certainly the hills are a deception, Commotion on the mountains. Certainly in the Lord our God Is the salvation of Israel.
24“But the shame has consumed the product of our fathers’ labor since our youth—their flocks and their herds, their sons and their daughters.
25Let us lie down in our shame, and let our humiliation cover us; for we have sinned against the Lord our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even to this day. And we have not obeyed the voice of the Lord our God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Exhortations to repentance. (1-5). Judah more guilty than Israel. (6-11). But pardon is promised. (12-20). The children of Israel express their sorrow and repentance. (21-25).
vv1-5
In repentance, it is good to think upon the sins of which we have been guilty, and the places and companies where they have been committed. How gently the Lord had corrected them! In receiving penitents, he is God, and not man. Whatever thou hast said or done hitherto, wilt thou not from this time apply to me? Will not this grace of God overcome thee? Now pardon is proclaimed, wilt thou not take the benefit? They will hope to find in him the tender compassions of a Father towards a returning prodigal. They will come to him as the Guide of their youth: youth needs a guide. Repenting sinners may encourage themselves that God will not keep his anger to the end. All God's mercies, in every age, suggest encouragement; and what can be so desirable for the young, as to have the Lord for their Father, and the Guide of their youth? Let parents daily direct their children earnestly to seek this blessing.
vv6-11
If we mark the crimes of those who break off from a religious profession, and the consequences, we see abundant reason to shun evil ways. It is dreadful to be proved more criminal than those who have actually perished in their sins; yet it will be small comfort in everlasting punishment, for them to know that others were viler than they.
vv12-20
See God's readiness to pardon sin, and the blessings reserved for gospel times. These words were proclaimed toward the north; to Israel, the ten tribes, captive in Assyria. They are directed how to return. If we confess our sins, the Lord is faithful and just to forgive them. These promises are fully to come to pass in the bringing back the Jews in after-ages. God will graciously receive those that return to him; and by his grace, he takes them out from among the rest. The ark of the covenant was not found after the captivity. The whole of that dispensation was to be done away, which took place after the multitude of believers had been greatly increased by the conversion of the Gentiles, and of the Israelites scattered among them. A happy state of the church is foretold. He can teach all to call him Father; but without thorough change of heart and life, no man can be a child of God, and we have no security for not departing from Him.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
הָלַךְ: to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
אַחֵר: properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
חָנֵף: to soil, especially in a moral sense
זָנָה: to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah)
Cross References
Jeremiah 3Jeremiah explicitly alludes to the Mosaic law prohibiting a husband from returning to a divorced, remarried wife.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the metaphor of divorcement and whether God has formally put away His covenant people.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The withholding of showers and rain acts as the covenantal curse for spiritual rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical record of the captivity of Israel, which serves as Judah's warning example here.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel showing how Samaria/Israel is comparatively more 'justified' than treacherous, hypocritical Judah.
Supported by JFB
The prophetic call to 'return unto me' with the reciprocal promise 'I will return unto you.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates that Judah's reformation under Josiah was superficial and 'feigned' on the people's part.
Supported by JFB
Echoes God's deep paternal compassion and willingness to forgive returning Ephraim/Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the promise of 'pastors according to mine heart,' matching the Davidic ideal.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Hebrew 'guide of youth' denotes a husband, reinforcing the marital covenant imagery.
Supported by JFB
Directly answers the question of whether God will reserve His anger forever.
Supported by JFB
Extensive prophetic allegory of two sisters, Aholah and Aholibah, representing Israel and Judah.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the divine promise: 'I will heal their backslidings, I will love them freely.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal verbal parallel linking the call of 'My father' with returning to sonship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates the New Covenant healing and cleansing that enables the true return of the people.
Supported by Matthew Henry