Jeremiah3
New King James Version
1“They say, ‘If a man divorces his wife, And she goes from him And becomes another man’s, May he return to her again?’ Would not that land be greatly polluted? But you have played the harlot with many lovers; Yet return to Me,” says the Lord.
2“Lift up your eyes to the desolate heights and see: Where have you not lain with men? By the road you have sat for them Like an Arabian in the wilderness; And you have polluted the land With your harlotries and your wickedness.
3Therefore the showers have been withheld, And there has been no latter rain. You have had a harlot’s forehead; You refuse to be ashamed.
4Will you not from this time cry to Me, ‘My Father, You are the guide of my youth?
5Will He remain angry forever? Will He keep it to the end?’ Behold, you have spoken and done evil things, As you were able.”
6The Lord said also to me in the days of Josiah the king: “Have you seen what backsliding Israel has done? She has gone up on every high mountain and under every green tree, and there played the harlot.
7And I said, after she had done all these things, ‘Return to Me.’ But she did not return. And her treacherous sister Judah saw it.
8Then I saw that for all the causes for which backsliding Israel had committed adultery, I had put her away and given her a certificate of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah did not fear, but went and played the harlot also.
9So it came to pass, through her casual harlotry, that she defiled the land and committed adultery with stones and trees.
10And yet for all this her treacherous sister Judah has not turned to Me with her whole heart, but in pretense,” says the Lord.
11Then the Lord said to me, “Backsliding Israel has shown herself more righteous than treacherous Judah.
12Go and proclaim these words toward the north, and say: ‘Return, backsliding Israel,’ says the Lord; ‘I will not cause My anger to fall on you. For I am merciful,’ says the Lord; ‘I will not remain angry forever.
13Only acknowledge your iniquity, That you have transgressed against the Lord your God, And have scattered your charms To alien deities under every green tree, And you have not obeyed My voice,’ says the Lord.
14“Return, O backsliding children,” says the Lord; “for I am married to you. I will take you, one from a city and two from a family, and I will bring you to Zion.
15And I will give you shepherds according to My heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding.
16“Then it shall come to pass, when you are multiplied and increased in the land in those days,” says the Lord, “that they will say no more, ‘The ark of the covenant of the Lord.’ It shall not come to mind, nor shall they remember it, nor shall they visit it, nor shall it be made anymore.
17“At that time Jerusalem shall be called The Throne of the Lord, and all the nations shall be gathered to it, to the name of the Lord, to Jerusalem. No more shall they follow the dictates of their evil hearts.
18“In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I have given as an inheritance to your fathers.
19“But I said: ‘How can I put you among the children And give you a pleasant land, A beautiful heritage of the hosts of nations?’ “And I said: ‘You shall call Me, “My Father,” And not turn away from Me.’
20Surely, as a wife treacherously departs from her husband, So have you dealt treacherously with Me, O house of Israel,” says the Lord.
21A voice was heard on the desolate heights, Weeping and supplications of the children of Israel. For they have perverted their way; They have forgotten the Lord their God.
22“Return, you backsliding children, And I will heal your backslidings.” “Indeed we do come to You, For You are the Lord our God.
23Truly, in vain is salvation hoped for from the hills, And from the multitude of mountains; Truly, in the Lord our God Is the salvation of Israel.
24For shame has devoured The labor of our fathers from our youth— Their flocks and their herds, Their sons and their daughters.
25We lie down in our shame, And our reproach covers us. For we have sinned against the Lord our God, We and our fathers, From our youth even to this day, And have not obeyed the voice of the Lord our God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Exhortations to repentance. (1-5). Judah more guilty than Israel. (6-11). But pardon is promised. (12-20). The children of Israel express their sorrow and repentance. (21-25).
vv1-5
In repentance, it is good to think upon the sins of which we have been guilty, and the places and companies where they have been committed. How gently the Lord had corrected them! In receiving penitents, he is God, and not man. Whatever thou hast said or done hitherto, wilt thou not from this time apply to me? Will not this grace of God overcome thee? Now pardon is proclaimed, wilt thou not take the benefit? They will hope to find in him the tender compassions of a Father towards a returning prodigal. They will come to him as the Guide of their youth: youth needs a guide. Repenting sinners may encourage themselves that God will not keep his anger to the end. All God's mercies, in every age, suggest encouragement; and what can be so desirable for the young, as to have the Lord for their Father, and the Guide of their youth? Let parents daily direct their children earnestly to seek this blessing.
vv6-11
If we mark the crimes of those who break off from a religious profession, and the consequences, we see abundant reason to shun evil ways. It is dreadful to be proved more criminal than those who have actually perished in their sins; yet it will be small comfort in everlasting punishment, for them to know that others were viler than they.
vv12-20
See God's readiness to pardon sin, and the blessings reserved for gospel times. These words were proclaimed toward the north; to Israel, the ten tribes, captive in Assyria. They are directed how to return. If we confess our sins, the Lord is faithful and just to forgive them. These promises are fully to come to pass in the bringing back the Jews in after-ages. God will graciously receive those that return to him; and by his grace, he takes them out from among the rest. The ark of the covenant was not found after the captivity. The whole of that dispensation was to be done away, which took place after the multitude of believers had been greatly increased by the conversion of the Gentiles, and of the Israelites scattered among them. A happy state of the church is foretold. He can teach all to call him Father; but without thorough change of heart and life, no man can be a child of God, and we have no security for not departing from Him.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
הָלַךְ: to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
אַחֵר: properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
חָנֵף: to soil, especially in a moral sense
זָנָה: to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah)
Cross References
Jeremiah 3Jeremiah explicitly alludes to the Mosaic law prohibiting a husband from returning to a divorced, remarried wife.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the metaphor of divorcement and whether God has formally put away His covenant people.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The withholding of showers and rain acts as the covenantal curse for spiritual rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical record of the captivity of Israel, which serves as Judah's warning example here.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel showing how Samaria/Israel is comparatively more 'justified' than treacherous, hypocritical Judah.
Supported by JFB
The prophetic call to 'return unto me' with the reciprocal promise 'I will return unto you.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates that Judah's reformation under Josiah was superficial and 'feigned' on the people's part.
Supported by JFB
Echoes God's deep paternal compassion and willingness to forgive returning Ephraim/Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the promise of 'pastors according to mine heart,' matching the Davidic ideal.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Hebrew 'guide of youth' denotes a husband, reinforcing the marital covenant imagery.
Supported by JFB
Directly answers the question of whether God will reserve His anger forever.
Supported by JFB
Extensive prophetic allegory of two sisters, Aholah and Aholibah, representing Israel and Judah.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the divine promise: 'I will heal their backslidings, I will love them freely.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal verbal parallel linking the call of 'My father' with returning to sonship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates the New Covenant healing and cleansing that enables the true return of the people.
Supported by Matthew Henry