Ezekiel 16NKJV
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Ezekiel16

New King James Version

1Again the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

2“Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations,

3and say, ‘Thus says the Lord God to Jerusalem: “Your birth and your nativity are from the land of Canaan; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

4As for your nativity, on the day you were born your navel cord was not cut, nor were you washed in water to cleanse you; you were not rubbed with salt nor wrapped in swaddling cloths.

5No eye pitied you, to do any of these things for you, to have compassion on you; but you were thrown out into the open field, when you yourself were loathed on the day you were born.

6“And when I passed by you and saw you struggling in your own blood, I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’ Yes, I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’

7I made you thrive like a plant in the field; and you grew, matured, and became very beautiful. Your breasts were formed, your hair grew, but you were naked and bare.

8“When I passed by you again and looked upon you, indeed your time was the time of love; so I spread My wing over you and covered your nakedness. Yes, I swore an oath to you and entered into a covenant with you, and you became Mine,” says the Lord God.

9“Then I washed you in water; yes, I thoroughly washed off your blood, and I anointed you with oil.

10I clothed you in embroidered cloth and gave you sandals of badger skin; I clothed you with fine linen and covered you with silk.

11I adorned you with ornaments, put bracelets on your wrists, and a chain on your neck.

12And I put a jewel in your nose, earrings in your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head.

13Thus you were adorned with gold and silver, and your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidered cloth. You ate pastry of fine flour, honey, and oil. You were exceedingly beautiful, and succeeded to royalty.

14Your fame went out among the nations because of your beauty, for it was perfect through My splendor which I had bestowed on you,” says the Lord God.

15“But you trusted in your own beauty, played the harlot because of your fame, and poured out your harlotry on everyone passing by who would have it.

16You took some of your garments and adorned multicolored high places for yourself, and played the harlot on them. Such things should not happen, nor be.

17You have also taken your beautiful jewelry from My gold and My silver, which I had given you, and made for yourself male images and played the harlot with them.

18You took your embroidered garments and covered them, and you set My oil and My incense before them.

19Also My food which I gave you—the pastry of fine flour, oil, and honey which I fed you—you set it before them as sweet incense; and so it was,” says the Lord God.

20“Moreover you took your sons and your daughters, whom you bore to Me, and these you sacrificed to them to be devoured. Were your acts of harlotry a small matter,

21that you have slain My children and offered them up to them by causing them to pass through the fire?

22And in all your abominations and acts of harlotry you did not remember the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, struggling in your blood.

23“Then it was so, after all your wickedness—‘Woe, woe to you!’ says the Lord God—

24that you also built for yourself a shrine, and made a high place for yourself in every street.

25You built your high places at the head of every road, and made your beauty to be abhorred. You offered yourself to everyone who passed by, and multiplied your acts of harlotry.

26You also committed harlotry with the Egyptians, your very fleshly neighbors, and increased your acts of harlotry to provoke Me to anger.

27“Behold, therefore, I stretched out My hand against you, diminished your allotment, and gave you up to the will of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed of your lewd behavior.

28You also played the harlot with the Assyrians, because you were insatiable; indeed you played the harlot with them and still were not satisfied.

29Moreover you multiplied your acts of harlotry as far as the land of the trader, Chaldea; and even then you were not satisfied.

30“How degenerate is your heart!” says the Lord God, “seeing you do all these things, the deeds of a brazen harlot.

31“You erected your shrine at the head of every road, and built your high place in every street. Yet you were not like a harlot, because you scorned payment.

32You are an adulterous wife, who takes strangers instead of her husband.

33Men make payment to all harlots, but you made your payments to all your lovers, and hired them to come to you from all around for your harlotry.

34You are the opposite of other women in your harlotry, because no one solicited you to be a harlot. In that you gave payment but no payment was given you, therefore you are the opposite.”

35‘Now then, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord!

36Thus says the Lord God: “Because your filthiness was poured out and your nakedness uncovered in your harlotry with your lovers, and with all your abominable idols, and because of the blood of your children which you gave to them,

37surely, therefore, I will gather all your lovers with whom you took pleasure, all those you loved, and all those you hated; I will gather them from all around against you and will uncover your nakedness to them, that they may see all your nakedness.

38And I will judge you as women who break wedlock or shed blood are judged; I will bring blood upon you in fury and jealousy.

39I will also give you into their hand, and they shall throw down your shrines and break down your high places. They shall also strip you of your clothes, take your beautiful jewelry, and leave you naked and bare.

40“They shall also bring up an assembly against you, and they shall stone you with stones and thrust you through with their swords.

41They shall burn your houses with fire, and execute judgments on you in the sight of many women; and I will make you cease playing the harlot, and you shall no longer hire lovers.

42So I will lay to rest My fury toward you, and My jealousy shall depart from you. I will be quiet, and be angry no more.

43Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but agitated Me with all these things, surely I will also recompense your deeds on your own head,” says the Lord God. “And you shall not commit lewdness in addition to all your abominations.

44“Indeed everyone who quotes proverbs will use this proverb against you: ‘Like mother, like daughter!’

45You are your mother’s daughter, loathing husband and children; and you are the sister of your sisters, who loathed their husbands and children; your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite.

46“Your elder sister is Samaria, who dwells with her daughters to the north of you; and your younger sister, who dwells to the south of you, is Sodom and her daughters.

47You did not walk in their ways nor act according to their abominations; but, as if that were too little, you became more corrupt than they in all your ways.

48“As I live,” says the Lord God, “neither your sister Sodom nor her daughters have done as you and your daughters have done.

49Look, this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom: She and her daughter had pride, fullness of food, and abundance of idleness; neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.

50And they were haughty and committed abomination before Me; therefore I took them away as I saw fit.

51“Samaria did not commit half of your sins; but you have multiplied your abominations more than they, and have justified your sisters by all the abominations which you have done.

52You who judged your sisters, bear your own shame also, because the sins which you committed were more abominable than theirs; they are more righteous than you. Yes, be disgraced also, and bear your own shame, because you justified your sisters.

53“When I bring back their captives, the captives of Sodom and her daughters, and the captives of Samaria and her daughters, then I will also bring back the captives of your captivity among them,

54that you may bear your own shame and be disgraced by all that you did when you comforted them.

55When your sisters, Sodom and her daughters, return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters return to their former state, then you and your daughters will return to your former state.

56For your sister Sodom was not a byword in your mouth in the days of your pride,

57before your wickedness was uncovered. It was like the time of the reproach of the daughters of Syria and all those around her, and of the daughters of the Philistines, who despise you everywhere.

58You have paid for your lewdness and your abominations,” says the Lord.

59For thus says the Lord God: “I will deal with you as you have done, who despised the oath by breaking the covenant.

60“Nevertheless I will remember My covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish an everlasting covenant with you.

61Then you will remember your ways and be ashamed, when you receive your older and your younger sisters; for I will give them to you for daughters, but not because of My covenant with you.

62And I will establish My covenant with you. Then you shall know that I am the Lord,

63that you may remember and be ashamed, and never open your mouth anymore because of your shame, when I provide you an atonement for all you have done,” says the Lord God.’ ”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 16.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: A parable showing the first low estate of the Jewish nation, its prosperity, idolatries, and punishment. (1-63).

vv1-58

In this chapter God's dealings with the Jewish nation, and their conduct towards him, are described, and their punishment through the surrounding nations, even those they most trusted in. This is done under the parable of an exposed infant rescued from death, educated, espoused, and richly provided for, but afterwards guilty of the most abandoned conduct, and punished for it; yet at last received into favour, and ashamed of her base conduct. We are not to judge of these expressions by modern ideas, but by those of the times and places in which they were used, where many of them would not sound as they do to us. The design was to raise hatred to idolatry, and such a parable was well suited for that purpose.

vv59-63

After a full warning of judgments, mercy is remembered, mercy is reserved. These closing verses are a precious promise, in part fulfilled at the return of the penitent and reformed Jews out of Babylon, but to have fuller accomplishment in gospel times. The Divine mercy should be powerful to melt our hearts into godly sorrow for sin. Nor will God ever leave the sinner to perish, who is humbled for his sins, and comes to trust in His mercy and grace through Jesus Christ; but will keep him by his power, through faith unto salvation.

Cross References

Ezekiel 16
v45Ezekiel 16:3thematic

Repeats the parentage theme: 'thy father was an Amorite, and thy mother an Hittite.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v61Ezekiel 36:31thematic

Direct parallel of remembering evil ways and feeling shame/loathing when God's grace is restored.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Genesis 15:16thematic

Jerusalem's spiritual parentage is linked to the Amorites, whose sins were filling up.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Hosea 2:3thematic

Hosea similarly uses the metaphor of birth, nakedness, and exposure to describe Israel's early history.

Supported by JFB

v16Hosea 2:8thematic

Israel took God's gifts of silver, gold, and agricultural abundance and offered them to idols.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Hosea 2:3thematic

Verbally echoes Israel's original helpless, naked, and unswaddled state at birth.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

The Mosaic law prescribing death by stoning for women committing adultery.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v43Ezekiel 16:22thematic

Direct parallel concerning Israel's failure to remember the days of her youth.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v51Jeremiah 3:11thematic

Verbal and conceptual parallel: backsliding Israel has justified herself more than treacherous Judah.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v60Leviticus 26:42thematic

God promises to remember His covenant despite Israel's failures and breaches.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

The famous New Covenant promise, contrasting with the broken Old Covenant ('not by thy covenant').

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v62Ezekiel 16:60thematic

Immediate context where God promises to establish an everlasting covenant despite Israel's unfaithfulness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v63Romans 3:19thematic

Parallel to 'never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame'—every mouth stopped before God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3Isaiah 51:1thematic

Contrasts their biological 'diggings' in Canaan with their call to look to Abraham and Sarah.

Supported by JFB

v3Ezekiel 16:45thematic

Later in this same sermon, Jerusalem is explicitly called the daughter of a Hittite mother.

Supported by JFB

v3Joshua 24:2thematic

Joshua notes Abraham's ancestors served other gods, grounding the 'Amorite/Hittite' pagan pedigree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Exodus 1:15-22thematic

The historical background of Israel's infancy, where Pharaoh ordered newborn boys cast out.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v6Ezekiel 20:5-10thematic

Ezekiel's prose account of Israel's early state and idolatry in Egypt before God delivered them.

Supported by John Calvin

v10Psalms 45:13thematic

Describes the glorious bridal garments provided for the king's daughter, echoing Jerusalem's royal dressing.

Supported by JFB

v20Psalms 106:37thematic

Explicit historical parallel of Israel sacrificing their sons and daughters to Canaanite demons.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Ezekiel 16:20thematic

Directly links to the immediate context of sacrificing God's own children to idols.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v22Jeremiah 2:2thematic

Parallels Israel's early history and covenant relationship in the 'days of thy youth'.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v33Hosea 8:9thematic

Contrast of Ephraim hiring lovers with standard harlots receiving hire.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

Parallels the judgment of exposed nakedness before former lovers due to persistent whorings.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v37Ezekiel 23:25thematic

Identifies the former political lovers as the direct instruments of God's severe judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v46Ezekiel 16:61thematic

Identifies the elder and younger sisters when God establishes the covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v46Ezekiel 23:4thematic

Explicit sisterly representation where Samaria is named Aholah and Jerusalem Aholibah.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v54Ezekiel 16:52thematic

Elaborates on bearing shame and being confounded in comparison to sisters Sodom and Samaria.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v60Jeremiah 31:31-34fulfillment

The ultimate establishment of the promised 'everlasting covenant' in gospel times.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v61Ezekiel 20:43thematic

Parallel language of remembering ways, being ashamed, and loathing self after restoration.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Jeremiah 31:19thematic

Depicts Ephraim being instructed, repenting, smiting his thigh, and being thoroughly ashamed.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Ezekiel 36:32thematic

Reiterates that God's grace is not for their sakes, urging shame and confusion.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Ezekiel 16:46thematic

Identifies the elder and younger sisters (Samaria and Sodom) referenced in verse 61.

Supported by JFB

v63Ezra 9:6thematic

Ezra's prayer embodying the exact shame, confusion, and inability to lift up his face.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v63Job 40:4thematic

Job lays his hand upon his mouth in silenced humility before God's majesty.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v8Malachi 2:14thematic

Covenants are described in terms of a marriage relationship, of which God is witness.

Supported by JFB