Nehemiah2
World English Bible · Public Domain
1In the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, when wine was before him, I picked up the wine, and gave it to the king. Now I had not been sad before in his presence.
2The king said to me, “Why is your face sad, since you are not sick? This is nothing else but sorrow of heart.” Then I was very much afraid.
3I said to the king, “Let the king live forever! Why shouldn’t my face be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers’ tombs, lies waste, and its gates have been consumed with fire?”
4Then the king said to me, “What is your request?” So I prayed to the God of heaven.
5I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, and if your servant has found favor in your sight, I ask that you would send me to Judah, to the city of my fathers’ tombs, that I may build it.”
6The king said to me (the queen was also sitting by him), “How long will your journey be? When will you return?” So it pleased the king to send me, and I set a time for him.
7Moreover I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, let letters be given me to the governors beyond the River, that they may let me pass through until I come to Judah;
8and a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king’s forest, that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel by the temple, for the wall of the city, and for the house that I will occupy.” The king granted my requests, because of the good hand of my God on me.
9Then I came to the governors beyond the River, and gave them the king’s letters. Now the king had sent captains of the army and horsemen with me.
10When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite servant heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, because a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.
11So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days.
12I arose in the night, I and a few men with me. I didn’t tell anyone what my God put into my heart to do for Jerusalem. There wasn’t any animal with me except the animal that I rode on.
13I went out by night by the valley gate toward the jackal’s well, then to the dung gate; and I inspected the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and its gates were consumed with fire.
14Then I went on to the spring gate and to the king’s pool, but there was no place for the animal that was under me to pass.
15Then I went up in the night by the brook and inspected the wall; and I turned back, and entered by the valley gate, and so returned.
16The rulers didn’t know where I went, or what I did. I had not as yet told it to the Jews, nor to the priests, nor to the nobles, nor to the rulers, nor to the rest who did the work.
17Then I said to them, “You see the bad situation that we are in, how Jerusalem lies waste, and its gates are burned with fire. Come, let’s build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we won’t be disgraced.”
18I told them about the hand of my God which was good on me, and also about the king’s words that he had spoken to me. They said, “Let’s rise up and build.” So they strengthened their hands for the good work.
19But when Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite servant, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they ridiculed us and despised us, and said, “What is this thing that you are doing? Will you rebel against the king?”
20Then I answered them, and said to them, “The God of heaven will prosper us. Therefore we, his servants, will arise and build; but you have no portion, nor right, nor memorial in Jerusalem.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Nehemiah's request to the king. (1–8). Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem. (9–18). The opposition of the adversaries. (19, 20).
vv1-8
Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of grace are never out of season. But the sense of God's displeasure and the afflictions of his people, are causes of sorrow to the children of God, under which no earthly delights can comfort. The king encouraged Nehemiah to tell his mind. This gave him boldness to speak; much more may the invitation Christ has given us to pray, and the promise that we shall speed, encourage us to come boldly to the throne of grace. Nehemiah prayed to the God of heaven, as infinitely above even this mighty monarch. He lifted up his heart to that God who understands the language of the heart. Nor should we ever engage in any pursuit in which it would be wrong for us thus to seek and expect the Divine direction, assistance, and blessing. There was an immediate answer to his prayer; for the seed of Jacob never sought the God of Jacob in vain.
vv9-18
When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.
vv19-20
The enmity of the serpent's seed against the cause of Christ is confined to no age or nation. The application to ourselves is plain. The church of God asks for our help. Is it not desolate, and exposed to assaults? Does the consideration of its low estate cause you any grief? Let not business, pleasure, or the support of a party so engage attention, as that Zion and her welfare shall be nothing to you.
Key Words
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
נִיסָן: Nisan, the first month of the Jewish sacred year
עֶשְׂרִים: twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׁתָּא: Artachshasta (or Artaxerxes), a title (rather than name) of several Persian kings
יַיִן: wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
נָשָׂא: to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
Cross References
Nehemiah 2Direct connection to Nehemiah's previous prayer to God for mercy in the king's presence.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Illuminates Persian court protocol making it dangerous or illegal to show sadness or mourning before the king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel phrase attributing safety, favor, and success to the gracious hand of God upon His servants.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identical theological boundary set against foreign adversaries having a portion or right in Jerusalem's rebuilding.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Expresses identical deep sorrow and remembrance of Jerusalem above personal joy while in exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the duration of Nehemiah's government commission in Judah as lasting twelve years.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological parallel of God directing the heart of the king to grant Nehemiah's request.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Connects Nehemiah's appeal to his actual night inspection of the broken-down walls and gates.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Ezra declining a military escort with Nehemiah accepting captains and horsemen.
Supported by JFB
Records the continuation of mockery and scorn from Sanballat and Tobiah as building begins.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The standard respectful formula of loyalty addressed to kings ('Let the king live for ever').
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the precise distressful report that Jerusalem lies waste with its gates consumed by fire.
Supported by JFB
Shows standard formal Persian petition language ('If it please the king').
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the gate of the fountain and pool of Siloah in the subsequent rebuilding list.
Supported by JFB