Nehemiah2
New Living Translation
1Early the following spring, in the month of Nisan, during the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes’ reign, I was serving the king his wine. I had never before appeared sad in his presence.
2So the king asked me, “Why are you looking so sad? You don’t look sick to me. You must be deeply troubled.” Then I was terrified,
3but I replied, “Long live the king! How can I not be sad? For the city where my ancestors are buried is in ruins, and the gates have been destroyed by fire.”
4The king asked, “Well, how can I help you?” With a prayer to the God of heaven,
5I replied, “If it please the king, and if you are pleased with me, your servant, send me to Judah to rebuild the city where my ancestors are buried.”
6The king, with the queen sitting beside him, asked, “How long will you be gone? When will you return?” After I told him how long I would be gone, the king agreed to my request.
7I also said to the king, “If it please the king, let me have letters addressed to the governors of the province west of the Euphrates River, instructing them to let me travel safely through their territories on my way to Judah.
8And please give me a letter addressed to Asaph, the manager of the king’s forest, instructing him to give me timber. I will need it to make beams for the gates of the Temple fortress, for the city walls, and for a house for myself.” And the king granted these requests, because the gracious hand of God was on me.
9When I came to the governors of the province west of the Euphrates River, I delivered the king’s letters to them. The king, I should add, had sent along army officers and horsemen to protect me.
10But when Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard of my arrival, they were very displeased that someone had come to help the people of Israel.
11So I arrived in Jerusalem. Three days later,
12I slipped out during the night, taking only a few others with me. I had not told anyone about the plans God had put in my heart for Jerusalem. We took no pack animals with us except the donkey I was riding.
13After dark I went out through the Valley Gate, past the Jackal’s Well, and over to the Dung Gate to inspect the broken walls and burned gates.
14Then I went to the Fountain Gate and to the King’s Pool, but my donkey couldn’t get through the rubble.
15So, though it was still dark, I went up the Kidron Valley instead, inspecting the wall before I turned back and entered again at the Valley Gate.
16The city officials did not know I had been out there or what I was doing, for I had not yet said anything to anyone about my plans. I had not yet spoken to the Jewish leaders—the priests, the nobles, the officials, or anyone else in the administration.
17But now I said to them, “You know very well what trouble we are in. Jerusalem lies in ruins, and its gates have been destroyed by fire. Let us rebuild the wall of Jerusalem and end this disgrace!”
18Then I told them about how the gracious hand of God had been on me, and about my conversation with the king. They replied at once, “Yes, let’s rebuild the wall!” So they began the good work.
19But when Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem the Arab heard of our plan, they scoffed contemptuously. “What are you doing? Are you rebelling against the king?” they asked.
20I replied, “The God of heaven will help us succeed. We, his servants, will start rebuilding this wall. But you have no share, legal right, or historic claim in Jerusalem.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Nehemiah's request to the king. (1–8). Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem. (9–18). The opposition of the adversaries. (19, 20).
vv1-8
Our prayers must be seconded with serious endeavours, else we mock God. We are not limited to certain moments in our addresses to the King of kings, but have liberty to go to him at all times; approaches to the throne of grace are never out of season. But the sense of God's displeasure and the afflictions of his people, are causes of sorrow to the children of God, under which no earthly delights can comfort. The king encouraged Nehemiah to tell his mind. This gave him boldness to speak; much more may the invitation Christ has given us to pray, and the promise that we shall speed, encourage us to come boldly to the throne of grace. Nehemiah prayed to the God of heaven, as infinitely above even this mighty monarch. He lifted up his heart to that God who understands the language of the heart. Nor should we ever engage in any pursuit in which it would be wrong for us thus to seek and expect the Divine direction, assistance, and blessing. There was an immediate answer to his prayer; for the seed of Jacob never sought the God of Jacob in vain.
vv9-18
When Nehemiah had considered the matter, he told the Jews that God had put it into his heart to build the wall of Jerusalem. He does not undertake to do it without them. By stirring up ourselves and one another to that which is good, we strengthen ourselves and one another for it. We are weak in our duty, when we are cold and careless.
vv19-20
The enmity of the serpent's seed against the cause of Christ is confined to no age or nation. The application to ourselves is plain. The church of God asks for our help. Is it not desolate, and exposed to assaults? Does the consideration of its low estate cause you any grief? Let not business, pleasure, or the support of a party so engage attention, as that Zion and her welfare shall be nothing to you.
Key Words
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
נִיסָן: Nisan, the first month of the Jewish sacred year
עֶשְׂרִים: twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׁתָּא: Artachshasta (or Artaxerxes), a title (rather than name) of several Persian kings
יַיִן: wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
נָשָׂא: to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
Cross References
Nehemiah 2Direct connection to Nehemiah's previous prayer to God for mercy in the king's presence.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Illuminates Persian court protocol making it dangerous or illegal to show sadness or mourning before the king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel phrase attributing safety, favor, and success to the gracious hand of God upon His servants.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identical theological boundary set against foreign adversaries having a portion or right in Jerusalem's rebuilding.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Expresses identical deep sorrow and remembrance of Jerusalem above personal joy while in exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the duration of Nehemiah's government commission in Judah as lasting twelve years.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological parallel of God directing the heart of the king to grant Nehemiah's request.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Connects Nehemiah's appeal to his actual night inspection of the broken-down walls and gates.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Ezra declining a military escort with Nehemiah accepting captains and horsemen.
Supported by JFB
Records the continuation of mockery and scorn from Sanballat and Tobiah as building begins.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The standard respectful formula of loyalty addressed to kings ('Let the king live for ever').
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeats the precise distressful report that Jerusalem lies waste with its gates consumed by fire.
Supported by JFB
Shows standard formal Persian petition language ('If it please the king').
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the gate of the fountain and pool of Siloah in the subsequent rebuilding list.
Supported by JFB