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1 Kings1

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Now King David was old and advanced in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he couldn’t keep warm.

2Therefore his servants said to him, “Let a young virgin be sought for my lord the king. Let her stand before the king, and cherish him; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm.”

3So they sought for a beautiful young lady throughout all the borders of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king.

4The young lady was very beautiful; and she cherished the king, and served him; but the king didn’t know her intimately.

5Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, “I will be king.” Then he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him.

6His father had not displeased him at any time in saying, “Why have you done so?” and he was also a very handsome man; and he was born after Absalom.

7He conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest; and they followed Adonijah and helped him.

8But Zadok the priest, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and the mighty men who belonged to David, were not with Adonijah.

9Adonijah killed sheep, cattle, and fatlings by the stone of Zoheleth, which is beside En Rogel; and he called all his brothers, the king’s sons, and all the men of Judah, the king’s servants;

10but he didn’t call Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother.

11Then Nathan spoke to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, saying, “Haven’t you heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith reigns, and David our lord doesn’t know it?

12Now therefore come, please let me give you counsel, that you may save your own life and your son Solomon’s life.

13Go in to King David, and tell him, ‘Didn’t you, my lord the king, swear to your servant, saying, “Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne”? Why then does Adonijah reign?’

14Behold, while you are still talking there with the king, I will also come in after you and confirm your words.”

15Bathsheba went in to the king in his room. The king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.

16Bathsheba bowed and showed respect to the king. The king said, “What would you like?”

17She said to him, “My lord, you swore by Yahweh your God to your servant, ‘Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne.’

18Now, behold, Adonijah reigns; and you, my lord the king, don’t know it.

19He has slain cattle and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has called all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the army; but he hasn’t called Solomon your servant.

20You, my lord the king, the eyes of all Israel are on you, that you should tell them who will sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.

21Otherwise it will happen, when my lord the king sleeps with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon will be considered criminals.”

22Behold, while she was still talking with the king, Nathan the prophet came in.

23They told the king, saying, “Behold, Nathan the prophet!” When he had come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground.

24Nathan said, “My lord, King, have you said, ‘Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne’?

25For he has gone down today, and has slain cattle, fatlings, and sheep in abundance, and has called all the king’s sons, the captains of the army, and Abiathar the priest. Behold, they are eating and drinking before him, and saying, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’

26But he hasn’t called me, even me your servant, Zadok the priest, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and your servant Solomon.

27Was this thing done by my lord the king, and you haven’t shown to your servants who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?”

28Then King David answered, “Call Bathsheba in to me.” She came into the king’s presence and stood before the king.

29The king vowed and said, “As Yahweh lives, who has redeemed my soul out of all adversity,

30most certainly as I swore to you by Yahweh, the God of Israel, saying, ‘Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne in my place;’ I will most certainly do this today.”

31Then Bathsheba bowed with her face to the earth and showed respect to the king, and said, “Let my lord King David live forever!”

32King David said, “Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada.” They came before the king.

33The king said to them, “Take with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon.

34Let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel. Blow the trumpet, and say, ‘Long live King Solomon!’

35Then come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne; for he shall be king in my place. I have appointed him to be prince over Israel and over Judah.”

36Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, “Amen. May Yahweh, the God of my lord the king, say so.

37As Yahweh has been with my lord the king, even so may he be with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord King David.”

38So Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites went down and had Solomon ride on King David’s mule, and brought him to Gihon.

39Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the Tent, and anointed Solomon. They blew the trumpet; and all the people said, “Long live King Solomon!”

40All the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth shook with their sound.

41Adonijah and all the guests who were with him heard it as they had finished eating. When Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, “Why is this noise of the city being in an uproar?”

42While he yet spoke, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came; and Adonijah said, “Come in; for you are a worthy man, and bring good news.”

43Jonathan answered Adonijah, “Most certainly our lord King David has made Solomon king.

44The king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and they have caused him to ride on the king’s mule.

45Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon. They have come up from there rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that you have heard.

46Also, Solomon sits on the throne of the kingdom.

47Moreover the king’s servants came to bless our lord King David, saying, ‘May your God make the name of Solomon better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne;’ and the king bowed himself on the bed.

48Also thus said the king, ‘Blessed be Yahweh, the God of Israel, who has given one to sit on my throne today, my eyes even seeing it.’”

49All the guests of Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and each man went his way.

50Adonijah was afraid because of Solomon; and he arose, and went, and hung onto the horns of the altar.

51Solomon was told, “Behold, Adonijah fears King Solomon; for, behold, he is hanging onto the horns of the altar, saying, ‘Let King Solomon swear to me first that he will not kill his servant with the sword.’”

52Solomon said, “If he shows himself a worthy man, not a hair of his shall fall to the earth; but if wickedness is found in him, he shall die.”

53So King Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. He came and bowed down to King Solomon; and Solomon said to him, “Go to your house.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: David's declining age. (1–4). Adonijah aspires to the throne. (5–10). David makes Solomon king. (11–31). Solomon is anointed king, and Adonijah's usurpation stopped. (32–53).

vv1-4

We have David sinking under infirmities. He was chastised for his recent sins, and felt the effects of his former toils and hardships.

vv5-10

Indulgent parents are often chastised with disobedient children, who are anxious to possess their estates. No worldly wisdom, nor experience, nor sacredness of character, can insure the continuance in any former course of those who remain under the power of self-love. But we may well wonder by what arts Joab and Abiathar could be drawn aside.

vv11-31

Observe Nathan's address to Bathsheba. Let me give thee counsel how to save thy own life, and the life of thy son. Such as this is the counsel Christ's ministers give us in his name, to give all diligence, not only that no man take our crown, Re 3:11, but that we save our lives, even the lives of our souls. David made a solemn declaration of his firm cleaving to his former resolution, that Solomon should be his successor. Even the recollection of the distresses from which the Lord redeemed him, increased his comfort, inspired his hopes, and animated him to his duty, under the decays of nature and the approach of death.

Cross References

1 Kings 1
v52 Samuel 15:1thematic

Adonijah prepares chariots and runners, mimicking Absalom's earlier ostentatious rebellion.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

God's promise to David that his son Solomon would inherit the throne and build the temple.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v52 Samuel 3:4thematic

Establishes Adonijah as Haggith's son and David's fourth born, explaining his primogeniture claim.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v51 Kings 2:22thematic

Connects Adonijah's coup attempt with his later request for Abishag as a throne claim.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v61 Samuel 3:13thematic

David's failure to restrain Adonijah mirrors Eli's judgment-bringing indulgence of his wicked sons.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v29Genesis 48:16thematic

David echoes Jacob's deathbed blessing, thanking God who redeemed his soul from all adversity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v47Genesis 47:31thematic

David bowing upon his bed in worship mirrors Jacob's final act of reverence.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Contrasts Abiathar's former loyalty with the ark during Absalom's rebellion with his current defection.

Supported by JFB

v82 Samuel 8:18thematic

Identifies Benaiah as the loyal commander of the Cherethites and Pelethites.

Supported by JFB

v131 Chronicles 29:23fulfillment

Solomon sitting upon the throne of the Lord as king in place of David.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v50Exodus 21:14thematic

The law concerning seeking asylum at the altar, which Adonijah attempts to utilize.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v522 Samuel 14:11thematic

Solomon uses the common oath that not a hair of Adonijah shall fall.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The physical reality that two lying together provides heat, justifying the medical advice.

Supported by JFB

v92 Samuel 17:17thematic

En-rogel's location outside the city, where Jonathan and Ahimaaz previously hid.

Supported by JFB

v251 Samuel 11:15thematic

Sacrifices and communal feasting as standard procedure for proclaiming a new king.

Supported by JFB