Nehemiah4
World English Bible · Public Domain
1But when Sanballat heard that we were building the wall, he was angry, and was very indignant, and mocked the Jews.
2He spoke before his brothers and the army of Samaria, and said, “What are these feeble Jews doing? Will they fortify themselves? Will they sacrifice? Will they finish in a day? Will they revive the stones out of the heaps of rubbish, since they are burned?”
3Now Tobiah the Ammonite was by him, and he said, “What they are building, if a fox climbed up it, he would break down their stone wall.”
4“Hear, our God, for we are despised. Turn back their reproach on their own head. Give them up for a plunder in a land of captivity.
5Don’t cover their iniquity. Don’t let their sin be blotted out from before you; for they have insulted the builders.”
6So we built the wall; and all the wall was joined together to half its height, for the people had a mind to work.
7But when Sanballat, Tobiah, the Arabians, the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem went forward, and that the breaches began to be filled, they were very angry;
8and they all conspired together to come and fight against Jerusalem, and to cause confusion among us.
9But we made our prayer to our God, and set a watch against them day and night because of them.
10Judah said, “The strength of the bearers of burdens is fading and there is much rubble, so that we are not able to build the wall.”
11Our adversaries said, “They will not know or see, until we come in among them and kill them, and cause the work to cease.”
12When the Jews who lived by them came, they said to us ten times from all places, “Wherever you turn, they will attack us.”
13Therefore I set guards in the lowest parts of the space behind the wall, in the open places. I set the people by family groups with their swords, their spears, and their bows.
14I looked, and rose up, and said to the nobles, to the rulers, and to the rest of the people, “Don’t be afraid of them! Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome, and fight for your brothers, your sons, your daughters, your wives, and your houses.”
15When our enemies heard that it was known to us, and God had brought their counsel to nothing, all of us returned to the wall, everyone to his work.
16From that time forth, half of my servants did the work, and half of them held the spears, the shields, the bows, and the coats of mail; and the rulers were behind all the house of Judah.
17Those who built the wall, and those who bore burdens loaded themselves; everyone with one of his hands did the work, and with the other held his weapon.
18Among the builders, everyone wore his sword at his side, and so built. He who sounded the trumpet was by me.
19I said to the nobles, and to the rulers and to the rest of the people, “The work is great and widely spread out, and we are separated on the wall, far from one another.
20Wherever you hear the sound of the trumpet, rally there to us. Our God will fight for us.”
21So we did the work. Half of the people held the spears from the rising of the morning until the stars appeared.
22Likewise at the same time I said to the people, “Let everyone with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and may labor in the day.”
23So neither I, nor my brothers, nor my servants, nor the men of the guard who followed me took off our clothes. Everyone took his weapon to the water.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Opposition of Sanballat and others. (1–6). The designs of the adversaries. (7–15). Nehemiah's precautions. (16–23).
vv1-6
Many a good work has been looked upon with contempt by proud and haughty scorners. Those who disagree in almost every thing, will unite in persecution. Nehemiah did not answer these fools according to their folly, but looked up to God by prayer. God's people have often been a despised people, but he hears all the slights that are put upon them, and it is their comfort that he does so. Nehemiah had reason to think that the hearts of those sinners were desperately hardened, else he would not have prayed that their sins might never be blotted out. Good work goes on well, when people have a mind to it. The reproaches of enemies should quicken us to our duty, not drive us from it.
vv7-15
The hindering good work is what bad men aim at, and promise themselves success in; but good work is God's work, and it shall prosper. God has many ways of bringing to light, and so of bringing to nought, the devices and designs of his church's enemies. If our enemies cannot frighten us from duty, or deceive us into sin, they cannot hurt us. Nehemiah put himself and his cause under the Divine protection. It was the way of this good man, and should be our way. All his cares, all his griefs, all his fears, he spread before God. Before he used any means, he made his prayer to God. Having prayed, he set a watch against the enemy. If we think to secure ourselves by prayer, without watchfulness, we are slothful, and tempt God; if by watchfulness, without prayer, we are proud, and slight God: either way, we forfeit his protection. God's care of our safety, should engage and encourage us to go on with vigour in our duty. As soon as a danger is over, let us return to our work, and trust God another time.
vv16-23
We must watch always against spiritual enemies, and not expect that our warfare will be over till our work is ended. The word of God is the sword of the Spirit, which we ought to have always at hand, and never to have to seek for it, either in our labours, or in our conflicts, as Christians. Every true Christian is both a labourer and a soldier, working with one hand, and fighting with the other. Good work is likely to go on with success, when those who labour in it, make a business of it. And Satan fears to assault the watchful Christian; or, if attacked, the Lord fights for him. Thus must we wait to the close of life, never putting off our armour till our work and warfare are ended; then we shall be welcomed to the rest and joy of our Lord.
Key Words
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
סַנְבַלַּט: Sanballat, a Persian satrap of Samaria
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בָּנָה: to build (literally and figuratively)
חוֹמָה: a wall of protection
חָרָה: to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy
רָבָה: to increase (in whatever respect)
כַּעַס: to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
לָעַג: to deride; by implication (as if imitating a foreigner) to speak unintelligibly
Cross References
Nehemiah 4Poole and JFB note foxes infesting the desolate Mount Zion as Tobiah's mocking context.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Matches Nehemiah's battle cry 'our God shall fight for us' with Moses' assurance at the Red Sea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Continues the narrative of Sanballat and Tobiah's initial and growing mocking opposition.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Spiritual parallel to combining prayer and watchfulness to guard against enemy assaults.
Supported by Matthew Henry
How God brings the crafty counsels of adversaries to nought, directly echoed here.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Matches the intense contempt and mocking ('despised') from arrogant, hostile neighbors.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Joab's classic exhortation to play the men and fight for their people and cities.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic fulfillment of Jerusalem's walls being built even in 'troublous times'.
Supported by JFB
The trumpet call to gather the people and seek God's deliverance in war.
Supported by JFB
Imprecatory parallel to not blotting out the sin of those hindering God's work.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The ultimate completion of the wall begun so zealously despite this intense opposition.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Theological type of the Christian holding the sword of the Spirit while laboring.
Supported by Matthew Henry