1 Kings 3NKJV
Books
All books

1 Kings3

New King James Version

1Now Solomon made a treaty with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and married Pharaoh’s daughter; then he brought her to the City of David until he had finished building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and the wall all around Jerusalem.

2Meanwhile the people sacrificed at the high places, because there was no house built for the name of the Lord until those days.

3And Solomon loved the Lord, walking in the statutes of his father David, except that he sacrificed and burned incense at the high places.

4Now the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for that was the great high place: Solomon offered a thousand burnt offerings on that altar.

5At Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream by night; and God said, “Ask! What shall I give you?”

6And Solomon said: “You have shown great mercy to Your servant David my father, because he walked before You in truth, in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with You; You have continued this great kindness for him, and You have given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day.

7Now, O Lord my God, You have made Your servant king instead of my father David, but I am a little child; I do not know how to go out or come in.

8And Your servant is in the midst of Your people whom You have chosen, a great people, too numerous to be numbered or counted.

9Therefore give to Your servant an understanding heart to judge Your people, that I may discern between good and evil. For who is able to judge this great people of Yours?”

10The speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing.

11Then God said to him: “Because you have asked this thing, and have not asked long life for yourself, nor have asked riches for yourself, nor have asked the life of your enemies, but have asked for yourself understanding to discern justice,

12behold, I have done according to your words; see, I have given you a wise and understanding heart, so that there has not been anyone like you before you, nor shall any like you arise after you.

13And I have also given you what you have not asked: both riches and honor, so that there shall not be anyone like you among the kings all your days.

14So if you walk in My ways, to keep My statutes and My commandments, as your father David walked, then I will lengthen your days.”

15Then Solomon awoke; and indeed it had been a dream. And he came to Jerusalem and stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, offered up burnt offerings, offered peace offerings, and made a feast for all his servants.

16Now two women who were harlots came to the king, and stood before him.

17And one woman said, “O my lord, this woman and I dwell in the same house; and I gave birth while she was in the house.

18Then it happened, the third day after I had given birth, that this woman also gave birth. And we were together; no one was with us in the house, except the two of us in the house.

19And this woman’s son died in the night, because she lay on him.

20So she arose in the middle of the night and took my son from my side, while your maidservant slept, and laid him in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom.

21And when I rose in the morning to nurse my son, there he was, dead. But when I had examined him in the morning, indeed, he was not my son whom I had borne.”

22Then the other woman said, “No! But the living one is my son, and the dead one is your son.” And the first woman said, “No! But the dead one is your son, and the living one is my son.” Thus they spoke before the king.

23And the king said, “The one says, ‘This is my son, who lives, and your son is the dead one’; and the other says, ‘No! But your son is the dead one, and my son is the living one.’ ”

24Then the king said, “Bring me a sword.” So they brought a sword before the king.

25And the king said, “Divide the living child in two, and give half to one, and half to the other.”

26Then the woman whose son was living spoke to the king, for she yearned with compassion for her son; and she said, “O my lord, give her the living child, and by no means kill him!” But the other said, “Let him be neither mine nor yours, but divide him.”

27So the king answered and said, “Give the first woman the living child, and by no means kill him; she is his mother.”

28And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had rendered; and they feared the king, for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him to administer justice.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 3.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Solomon's marriage. (1–4). His vision, His prayer for wisdom. (5–15). The judgment of Solomon. (16–28).

vv1-4

He that loved the Lord, should, for his sake, have fixed his love upon one of the Lord's people. Solomon was a wise man, a rich man, a great man; yet the brightest praise of him, is that which is the character of all the saints, even the poorest, “He loved the Lord.” Where God sows plentifully, he expects to reap accordingly; and those that truly love God and his worship, will not grudge the expenses of their religion. We must never think that wasted which is laid out in the service of God.

vv5-15

Solomon's dream was not a common one. While his bodily powers were locked up in sleep, the powers of his soul were strengthened; he was enabled to receive the Divine vision, and to make a suitable choice. God, in like manner, puts us in the ready way to be happy, by assuring us we shall have what we need, and pray for. Solomon's making such a choice when asleep, and the powers of reason least active, showed it came from the grace of God. Having a humble sense of his own wants and weakness, he pleads, Lord, I am but a little child. The more wise and considerate men are, the better acquainted they are with their own weakness, and the more jealous of themselves. Solomon begs of God to give him wisdom. We must pray for it, Jas 1:5, that it may help us in our particular calling, and the various occasions we have. Those are accepted of God, who prefer spiritual blessings to earthly good. It was a prevailing prayer, and prevailed for more than he asked. God gave him wisdom, such as no other prince was ever blessed with; and also gave him riches and honour. If we make sure of wisdom and grace, these will bring outward prosperity with them, or sweeten the want of it. The way to get spiritual blessings, is to wrestle with God in prayer for them. The way to get earthly blessings, is to refer ourselves to God concerning them. Solomon has wisdom given him, because he did ask it, and wealth, because he did not.

vv16-28

An instance of Solomon's wisdom is given. Notice the difficulty of the case. To find out the true mother, he could not try which the child loved best, and therefore tried which loved the child best: the mother's sincerity will be tried, when the child is in danger. Let parents show their love to their children, especially by taking care of their souls, and snatching them as brands out of the burning. By this and other instances of the wisdom with which God endued him, Solomon had great reputation among his people. This was better to him than weapons of war; for this he was both feared and loved.

Cross References

1 Kings 3

Explicit parallel noting the presence of Moses' tabernacle and the brazen altar at Gibeon.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Direct parallel account of God appearing to Solomon in Gibeon and granting his request.

Supported by JFB

v11 Kings 11:1contrast

Contrasts Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter with his later forbidden loves.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Mosaic prohibition against sacrificing outside the designated central place of worship.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v62 Samuel 7:8-12thematic

God's covenant promise to David to establish his son upon his throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Matthew 6:33thematic

New Testament parallel: seeking God's kingdom and wisdom first, with other blessings added.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Identifies Gibeon as the location of the tabernacle of the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9James 1:5thematic

New Testament exhortation to ask God for wisdom, who gives generously to all.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Genesis 43:30allusion

Identical Hebrew idiom describing intense maternal/fraternal emotion where 'bowels yearned'.

v11 Kings 9:24thematic

Records the eventual relocation of Pharaoh's daughter once her house was built.

Supported by JFB

v121 Kings 4:29-34fulfillment

Historical demonstration of the extraordinary, unequaled wisdom God granted Solomon.

v13Proverbs 3:16thematic

Wisdom personified, offering long life in her right hand, riches and honor in her left.

David's acknowledgement that Solomon his son was young and tender for the task.

v15Genesis 41:7thematic

Parallels Joseph's realization that his highly significant prophetic dream was over.

v281 Kings 3:28thematic

Self-referential summary of Israel's response to the judicial wisdom of the king.