1 Kings3
English Standard Version
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1 made a with of . He and her into the of until he had his own and the of the Lord and the .
2 The were at the , , had been for the of the Lord.
3 the Lord, in the of his , he and at the .
4 And the to to , was the . used to a that .
5 At the Lord to in a by , and , I shall you.
6 And , You have and your my , he you in , in , and in of you. And you have for him and and have him a to his .
7 And , O Lord my , you have your in of my , although I am but a . I do how to or .
8 And your is in the of your you have , a , too to be or for .
9 your therefore an to your , that I may and , is to your ?
10 the had .
11 And to him, you have , and have for yourself the of your , but have for yourself to what is ,
12 , I now according to your . , I you a and , so that like you has been and like you shall you.
13 I you you have , , so shall compare with you, your .
14 And you will in my , my and my , your , then I will your .
15 And , and , it was a . Then he to and the of the of the Lord Lord, and , and a for his .
16 to the and him.
17 The , , my , and I in the , and I gave birth to a while she was the .
18 Then on the after I gave , gave . And we were . There was no with us in the ; we were in the .
19 And in the , she him.
20 And she at and my me, while your , and him at her , and her at my .
21 When I in the to my , , he was . But when I looked at him in the , , he was the I had .
22 But the , , the is mine, and the child is yours. The , , the is yours, and the is mine. Thus they the .
23 Then the , The , is my that is , and your is ; and the , ; your is , and my is the one.
24 And the , me a . So a was the .
25 And the , the in , and to the and to the .
26 Then the was to the , her for her , , my , her the , and by means . But the , He shall be yours; him.
27 Then the and , the to the first woman, and by ; she is his .
28 And of the the had , and they the , they the of was him to .
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1 Kings 3Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 3. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Solomon's marriage. (1–4). His vision, His prayer for wisdom. (5–15). The judgment of Solomon. (16–28).
vv1-4
He that loved the Lord, should, for his sake, have fixed his love upon one of the Lord's people. Solomon was a wise man, a rich man, a great man; yet the brightest praise of him, is that which is the character of all the saints, even the poorest, “He loved the Lord.” Where God sows plentifully, he expects to reap accordingly; and those that truly love God and his worship, will not grudge the expenses of their religion. We must never think that wasted which is laid out in the service of God.
vv5-15
Solomon's dream was not a common one. While his bodily powers were locked up in sleep, the powers of his soul were strengthened; he was enabled to receive the Divine vision, and to make a suitable choice. God, in like manner, puts us in the ready way to be happy, by assuring us we shall have what we need, and pray for. Solomon's making such a choice when asleep, and the powers of reason least active, showed it came from the grace of God. Having a humble sense of his own wants and weakness, he pleads, Lord, I am but a little child. The more wise and considerate men are, the better acquainted they are with their own weakness, and the more jealous of themselves. Solomon begs of God to give him wisdom. We must pray for it, Jas 1:5, that it may help us in our particular calling, and the various occasions we have. Those are accepted of God, who prefer spiritual blessings to earthly good. It was a prevailing prayer, and prevailed for more than he asked. God gave him wisdom, such as no other prince was ever blessed with; and also gave him riches and honour. If we make sure of wisdom and grace, these will bring outward prosperity with them, or sweeten the want of it. The way to get spiritual blessings, is to wrestle with God in prayer for them. The way to get earthly blessings, is to refer ourselves to God concerning them. Solomon has wisdom given him, because he did ask it, and wealth, because he did not.
vv16-28
An instance of Solomon's wisdom is given. Notice the difficulty of the case. To find out the true mother, he could not try which the child loved best, and therefore tried which loved the child best: the mother's sincerity will be tried, when the child is in danger. Let parents show their love to their children, especially by taking care of their souls, and snatching them as brands out of the burning. By this and other instances of the wisdom with which God endued him, Solomon had great reputation among his people. This was better to him than weapons of war; for this he was both feared and loved.
Key Words
שְׁלֹמֹה: Shelomah, David's successor
חָתַן: to give (a daughter) away in marriage; hence (generally) to contract affinity by marriage
פַּרְעֹה: Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings
מֶלֶךְ: a king
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
Cross References
1 Kings 3Explicit parallel noting the presence of Moses' tabernacle and the brazen altar at Gibeon.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel account of God appearing to Solomon in Gibeon and granting his request.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter with his later forbidden loves.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic prohibition against sacrificing outside the designated central place of worship.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God's covenant promise to David to establish his son upon his throne.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament parallel: seeking God's kingdom and wisdom first, with other blessings added.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies Gibeon as the location of the tabernacle of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament exhortation to ask God for wisdom, who gives generously to all.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identical Hebrew idiom describing intense maternal/fraternal emotion where 'bowels yearned'.
Records the eventual relocation of Pharaoh's daughter once her house was built.
Supported by JFB
Historical demonstration of the extraordinary, unequaled wisdom God granted Solomon.
Wisdom personified, offering long life in her right hand, riches and honor in her left.
David's acknowledgement that Solomon his son was young and tender for the task.
Parallels Joseph's realization that his highly significant prophetic dream was over.
Self-referential summary of Israel's response to the judicial wisdom of the king.