1 Kings19
New Living Translation
1When Ahab got home, he told Jezebel everything Elijah had done, including the way he had killed all the prophets of Baal.
2So Jezebel sent this message to Elijah: “May the gods strike me and even kill me if by this time tomorrow I have not killed you just as you killed them.”
3Elijah was afraid and fled for his life. He went to Beersheba, a town in Judah, and he left his servant there.
4Then he went on alone into the wilderness, traveling all day. He sat down under a solitary broom tree and prayed that he might die. “I have had enough, Lord,” he said. “Take my life, for I am no better than my ancestors who have already died.”
5Then he lay down and slept under the broom tree. But as he was sleeping, an angel touched him and told him, “Get up and eat!”
6He looked around and there beside his head was some bread baked on hot stones and a jar of water! So he ate and drank and lay down again.
7Then the angel of the Lord came again and touched him and said, “Get up and eat some more, or the journey ahead will be too much for you.”
8So he got up and ate and drank, and the food gave him enough strength to travel forty days and forty nights to Mount Sinai, the mountain of God.
9There he came to a cave, where he spent the night. But the Lord said to him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
10Elijah replied, “I have zealously served the Lord God Almighty. But the people of Israel have broken their covenant with you, torn down your altars, and killed every one of your prophets. I am the only one left, and now they are trying to kill me, too.”
11“Go out and stand before me on the mountain,” the Lord told him. And as Elijah stood there, the Lord passed by, and a mighty windstorm hit the mountain. It was such a terrible blast that the rocks were torn loose, but the Lord was not in the wind. After the wind there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake.
12And after the earthquake there was a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. And after the fire there was the sound of a gentle whisper.
13When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his cloak and went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. And a voice said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
14He replied again, “I have zealously served the Lord God Almighty. But the people of Israel have broken their covenant with you, torn down your altars, and killed every one of your prophets. I am the only one left, and now they are trying to kill me, too.”
15Then the Lord told him, “Go back the same way you came, and travel to the wilderness of Damascus. When you arrive there, anoint Hazael to be king of Aram.
16Then anoint Jehu grandson of Nimshi to be king of Israel, and anoint Elisha son of Shaphat from the town of Abel-meholah to replace you as my prophet.
17Anyone who escapes from Hazael will be killed by Jehu, and those who escape Jehu will be killed by Elisha!
18Yet I will preserve 7,000 others in Israel who have never bowed down to Baal or kissed him!”
19So Elijah went and found Elisha son of Shaphat plowing a field. There were twelve teams of oxen in the field, and Elisha was plowing with the twelfth team. Elijah went over to him and threw his cloak across his shoulders and then walked away.
20Elisha left the oxen standing there, ran after Elijah, and said to him, “First let me go and kiss my father and mother good-bye, and then I will go with you!” Elijah replied, “Go on back, but think about what I have done to you.”
21So Elisha returned to his oxen and slaughtered them. He used the wood from the plow to build a fire to roast their flesh. He passed around the meat to the townspeople, and they all ate. Then he went with Elijah as his assistant.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Elijah flees to the wilderness. (1–8). God manifests himself to Elijah. (9–13). God's answer to Elijah. (14–18). The call of Elisha. (19–21).
vv1-8
Jezebel sent Elijah a threatening message. Carnal hearts are hardened and enraged against God, by that which should convince and conquer them. Great faith is not always alike strong. He might be serviceable to Israel at this time, and had all reason to depend upon God's protection, while doing God's work; yet he flees. His was not the deliberate desire of grace, as Paul's, to depart and be with Christ. God thus left Elijah to himself, to show that when he was bold and strong, it was in the Lord, and the power of his might; but of himself he was no better than his fathers. God knows what he designs us for, though we do not, what services, what trials, and he will take care that we are furnished with grace sufficient.
vv9-13
The question God put, What doest thou here, Elijah? is a reproof. It concerns us often to ask whether we are in our place, and in the way of our duty. Am I where I should be? whither God calls me, where my business lies, and where I may be useful? He complained of the people, and their obstinacy in sin; I only am left. Despair of success hinders many a good enterprise. Did Elijah come hither to meet with God? he shall find that God will meet him. The wind, and earthquake, and fire, did not make him cover his face, but the still voice did. Gracious souls are more affected by the tender mercies of the Lord, than by his terrors. The mild voice of Him who speaks from the cross, or the mercy-seat, is accompanied with peculiar power in taking possession of the heart.
vv14-18
God repeated the question, What doest thou here? Then he complained of his discouragement; and whither should God's prophets go with their complaints of that kind, but to their Master? The Lord gave him an answer. He declares that the wicked house of Ahab shall be rooted out, that the people of Israel shall be punished for their sins; and he shows that Elijah was not left alone as he had supposed, and also that a helper should at once be raised up for him. Thus all his complaints are answered and provided for. God's faithful ones are often his hidden ones, Ps 83:3, and the visible church is scarcely to be seen: the wheat is lost in chaff, and the gold in dross, till the sifting, refining, separating day comes. The Lord knows them that are his, though we do not; he sees in secret. When we come to heaven we shall miss many whom we thought to have met there; we shall meet many whom we little thought to have met there. God's love often proves larger than man's charity, and far more extended.
Key Words
אַחְאָב: Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at Babylon
נָגַד: properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise
אִיזֶבֶל: Izebel, the wife of king Ahab
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
אֵלִיָּה: Elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other Israelites
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הָרַג: to smite with deadly intent
נָבִיא: a prophet or (generally) inspired man
חֶרֶב: drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
Cross References
1 Kings 19Paul directly quotes Elijah's complaint regarding his solitude and God's answer concerning the seven thousand.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
New Testament quotation confirming God's preservation of a faithful remnant who have not bowed to Baal.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Identifies Elijah as a man of 'like passions,' directly contextualizing his sudden fear and flight.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates how God leaves eminent instruments to their own weakness to prevent them from being exalted.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Moses' forty-day fast on the same mountain (Horeb/Sinai), drawing a direct typological link.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The 'cave' is traditionally identified with the cleft of the rock where Moses stood before God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Jonah's petulant request to die under a shadow in the wilderness.
Supported by JFB
Records the direct historical execution and impact of Elijah's commission to anoint Hazael.
Supported by JFB
Fulfills the command to anoint Jehu king over Israel, completed through Elijah's successor.
Supported by JFB
Explains the physical practice of kissing idols as a gesture of worship to Baal.
Supported by JFB
Jesus contrasts Elisha's permitted farewell with the absolute immediacy required of His disciples.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Recalls the terrifying wind, earthquake, and fire that accompanied God's lawgiving on Horeb.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels using wooden agricultural instruments as immediate fuel for a sacred sacrificial offering.
Supported by JFB
Provides the poetic background for 'a still small voice' (literally a still whisper/silence).
Supported by Matthew Poole