1 Kings 19NKJV
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1 Kings19

New King James Version

1And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, also how he had executed all the prophets with the sword.

2Then Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, “So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I do not make your life as the life of one of them by tomorrow about this time.”

3And when he saw that, he arose and ran for his life, and went to Beersheba, which belongs to Judah, and left his servant there.

4But he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a broom tree. And he prayed that he might die, and said, “It is enough! Now, Lord, take my life, for I am no better than my fathers!”

5Then as he lay and slept under a broom tree, suddenly an angel touched him, and said to him, “Arise and eat.”

6Then he looked, and there by his head was a cake baked on coals, and a jar of water. So he ate and drank, and lay down again.

7And the angel of the Lord came back the second time, and touched him, and said, “Arise and eat, because the journey is too great for you.”

8So he arose, and ate and drank; and he went in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights as far as Horeb, the mountain of God.

9And there he went into a cave, and spent the night in that place; and behold, the word of the Lord came to him, and He said to him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

10So he said, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God of hosts; for the children of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I alone am left; and they seek to take my life.”

11Then He said, “Go out, and stand on the mountain before the Lord.” And behold, the Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind tore into the mountains and broke the rocks in pieces before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind; and after the wind an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake;

12and after the earthquake a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire; and after the fire a still small voice.

13So it was, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle and went out and stood in the entrance of the cave. Suddenly a voice came to him, and said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

14And he said, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God of hosts; because the children of Israel have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and killed Your prophets with the sword. I alone am left; and they seek to take my life.”

15Then the Lord said to him: “Go, return on your way to the Wilderness of Damascus; and when you arrive, anoint Hazael as king over Syria.

16Also you shall anoint Jehu the son of Nimshi as king over Israel. And Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel Meholah you shall anoint as prophet in your place.

17It shall be that whoever escapes the sword of Hazael, Jehu will kill; and whoever escapes the sword of Jehu, Elisha will kill.

18Yet I have reserved seven thousand in Israel, all whose knees have not bowed to Baal, and every mouth that has not kissed him.”

19So he departed from there, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he was with the twelfth. Then Elijah passed by him and threw his mantle on him.

20And he left the oxen and ran after Elijah, and said, “Please let me kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow you.” And he said to him, “Go back again, for what have I done to you?”

21So Elisha turned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen and slaughtered them and boiled their flesh, using the oxen’s equipment, and gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he arose and followed Elijah, and became his servant.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 19.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Elijah flees to the wilderness. (1–8). God manifests himself to Elijah. (9–13). God's answer to Elijah. (14–18). The call of Elisha. (19–21).

vv1-8

Jezebel sent Elijah a threatening message. Carnal hearts are hardened and enraged against God, by that which should convince and conquer them. Great faith is not always alike strong. He might be serviceable to Israel at this time, and had all reason to depend upon God's protection, while doing God's work; yet he flees. His was not the deliberate desire of grace, as Paul's, to depart and be with Christ. God thus left Elijah to himself, to show that when he was bold and strong, it was in the Lord, and the power of his might; but of himself he was no better than his fathers. God knows what he designs us for, though we do not, what services, what trials, and he will take care that we are furnished with grace sufficient.

vv9-13

The question God put, What doest thou here, Elijah? is a reproof. It concerns us often to ask whether we are in our place, and in the way of our duty. Am I where I should be? whither God calls me, where my business lies, and where I may be useful? He complained of the people, and their obstinacy in sin; I only am left. Despair of success hinders many a good enterprise. Did Elijah come hither to meet with God? he shall find that God will meet him. The wind, and earthquake, and fire, did not make him cover his face, but the still voice did. Gracious souls are more affected by the tender mercies of the Lord, than by his terrors. The mild voice of Him who speaks from the cross, or the mercy-seat, is accompanied with peculiar power in taking possession of the heart.

vv14-18

God repeated the question, What doest thou here? Then he complained of his discouragement; and whither should God's prophets go with their complaints of that kind, but to their Master? The Lord gave him an answer. He declares that the wicked house of Ahab shall be rooted out, that the people of Israel shall be punished for their sins; and he shows that Elijah was not left alone as he had supposed, and also that a helper should at once be raised up for him. Thus all his complaints are answered and provided for. God's faithful ones are often his hidden ones, Ps 83:3, and the visible church is scarcely to be seen: the wheat is lost in chaff, and the gold in dross, till the sifting, refining, separating day comes. The Lord knows them that are his, though we do not; he sees in secret. When we come to heaven we shall miss many whom we thought to have met there; we shall meet many whom we little thought to have met there. God's love often proves larger than man's charity, and far more extended.

Cross References

1 Kings 19
v10Romans 11:2-4allusion

Paul directly quotes Elijah's complaint regarding his solitude and God's answer concerning the seven thousand.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v18Romans 11:4quotation

New Testament quotation confirming God's preservation of a faithful remnant who have not bowed to Baal.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3James 5:17thematic

Identifies Elijah as a man of 'like passions,' directly contextualizing his sudden fear and flight.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Illustrates how God leaves eminent instruments to their own weakness to prevent them from being exalted.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Exodus 34:28thematic

Parallels Moses' forty-day fast on the same mountain (Horeb/Sinai), drawing a direct typological link.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v9Exodus 33:21thematic

The 'cave' is traditionally identified with the cleft of the rock where Moses stood before God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Jonah 4:3thematic

Parallels Jonah's petulant request to die under a shadow in the wilderness.

Supported by JFB

v152 Kings 8:7-13fulfillment

Records the direct historical execution and impact of Elijah's commission to anoint Hazael.

Supported by JFB

v162 Kings 9:1-3fulfillment

Fulfills the command to anoint Jehu king over Israel, completed through Elijah's successor.

Supported by JFB

v18Hosea 13:2thematic

Explains the physical practice of kissing idols as a gesture of worship to Baal.

Supported by JFB

v20Luke 9:61-62contrast

Jesus contrasts Elisha's permitted farewell with the absolute immediacy required of His disciples.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Exodus 19:18thematic

Recalls the terrifying wind, earthquake, and fire that accompanied God's lawgiving on Horeb.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v212 Samuel 24:22thematic

Parallels using wooden agricultural instruments as immediate fuel for a sacred sacrificial offering.

Supported by JFB

v12Job 4:16allusion

Provides the poetic background for 'a still small voice' (literally a still whisper/silence).

Supported by Matthew Poole