2 Kings13
New International Version
1In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel in Samaria, and he reigned seventeen years.
2He did evil in the eyes of the Lord by following the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, which he had caused Israel to commit, and he did not turn away from them.
3So the Lord’s anger burned against Israel, and for a long time he kept them under the power of Hazael king of Aram and Ben-Hadad his son.
4Then Jehoahaz sought the Lord’s favor, and the Lord listened to him, for he saw how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel.
5The Lord provided a deliverer for Israel, and they escaped from the power of Aram. So the Israelites lived in their own homes as they had before.
6But they did not turn away from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, which he had caused Israel to commit; they continued in them. Also, the Asherah pole remained standing in Samaria.
7Nothing had been left of the army of Jehoahaz except fifty horsemen, ten chariots and ten thousand foot soldiers, for the king of Aram had destroyed the rest and made them like the dust at threshing time.
8As for the other events of the reign of Jehoahaz, all he did and his achievements, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Israel?
9Jehoahaz rested with his ancestors and was buried in Samaria. And Jehoash his son succeeded him as king.
10In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah, Jehoash son of Jehoahaz became king of Israel in Samaria, and he reigned sixteen years.
11He did evil in the eyes of the Lord and did not turn away from any of the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, which he had caused Israel to commit; he continued in them.
12As for the other events of the reign of Jehoash, all he did and his achievements, including his war against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Israel?
13Jehoash rested with his ancestors, and Jeroboam succeeded him on the throne. Jehoash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.
14Now Elisha had been suffering from the illness from which he died. Jehoash king of Israel went down to see him and wept over him. “My father! My father!” he cried. “The chariots and horsemen of Israel!”
15Elisha said, “Get a bow and some arrows,” and he did so.
16“Take the bow in your hands,” he said to the king of Israel. When he had taken it, Elisha put his hands on the king’s hands.
17“Open the east window,” he said, and he opened it. “Shoot!” Elisha said, and he shot. “The Lord’s arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram!” Elisha declared. “You will completely destroy the Arameans at Aphek.”
18Then he said, “Take the arrows,” and the king took them. Elisha told him, “Strike the ground.” He struck it three times and stopped.
19The man of God was angry with him and said, “You should have struck the ground five or six times; then you would have defeated Aram and completely destroyed it. But now you will defeat it only three times.”
20Elisha died and was buried. Now Moabite raiders used to enter the country every spring.
21Once while some Israelites were burying a man, suddenly they saw a band of raiders; so they threw the man’s body into Elisha’s tomb. When the body touched Elisha’s bones, the man came to life and stood up on his feet.
22Hazael king of Aram oppressed Israel throughout the reign of Jehoahaz.
23But the Lord was gracious to them and had compassion and showed concern for them because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. To this day he has been unwilling to destroy them or banish them from his presence.
24Hazael king of Aram died, and Ben-Hadad his son succeeded him as king.
25Then Jehoash son of Jehoahaz recaptured from Ben-Hadad son of Hazael the towns he had taken in battle from his father Jehoahaz. Three times Jehoash defeated him, and so he recovered the Israelite towns.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 13.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Reign of Jehoahaz. (1–9). Jehoash, king of Israel, Elisha dying. (10–19). Elisha's death, The victories of Jehoash. (20–25).
vv1-9
It was the ancient honour of Israel that they were a praying people. Jehoahaz, their king, in his distress, besought the Lord; applied himself for help, but not to the calves; what help could they give him? He sought the Lord. See how swift God is to show mercy; how ready to hear prayer; how willing to find a reason to be gracious; else he would not look so far back as the ancient covenant Israel had so often broken, and forfeited. Let this invite and engage us for ever to him; and encourage even those who have forsaken him, to return and repent; for there is forgiveness with him, that he may be feared. And if the Lord answer the mere cry of distress for temporal relief, much more will he regard the prayer of faith for spiritual blessings.
vv10-19
Jehoash, the king, came to Elisha, to receive his dying counsel and blessing. It may turn much to our spiritual advantage, to attend the sick-beds and death-beds of good men, that we may be encouraged in religion by the living comforts they have from it in a dying hour. Elisha assured the king of his success; yet he must look up to God for direction and strength; must reckon his own hands not enough, but go on, in dependence upon Divine aid. The trembling hands of the dying prophet, as they signified the power of God, gave this arrow more force than the hands of the king in his full strength. By contemning the sign, the king lost the thing signified, to the grief of the dying prophet. It is a trouble to good men, to see those to whom they wish well, forsake their own mercies, and to see them lose advantages against spiritual enemies.
vv20-25
God has many ways to chastise a provoking people. Trouble comes sometimes from that point whence we least feared it. The mention of this invasion on the death of Elisha, shows that the removal of God's faithful prophets is a presage of coming judgments. His dead body was a means of giving life to another dead body. This miracle was a confirmation of his prophecies. And it may have reference to Christ, by whose death and burial, the grave is made a safe and happy passage to life to all believers. Jehoash was successful against the Syrians, just as often as he had struck the ground with the arrows, then a stop was put to his victories. Many have repented, when too late, of distrusts and the straitness of their desires.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
יוֹאָשׁ: Joash, the name of six Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אֲחַזְיָה: Achazjah, the name of a Jewish and an Israelite king
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
יֵהוּא: Jehu, the name of five Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
2 Kings 13King Joash laments Elisha's departure using the exact words Elisha spoke at Elijah's translation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the 'saviour' given to Israel as Joash and Jeroboam II, who restored Israel's borders.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Amos prophesies judgment on Damascus for this very act of threshing Gilead with iron instruments.
Supported by JFB
God spared Israel from total destruction due to His ancient, gracious covenant with Abraham.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills Elisha's weeping prophecy to Hazael regarding the brutal oppression he would inflict on Israel.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the grove remaining in Samaria as the Asherah pole originally set up by Ahab.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The summary of Joash's reign and his war against Amaziah of Judah is repeated here.
Supported by JFB
Records Joash beating Ben-hadad thrice and recovering the cities, fulfilling Elisha's deathbed arrow sign.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the vivid, severe judgment metaphor of God's people being threshed like grain.
Supported by JFB
Incomplete obedience/faith limits blessing, just as the widow's oil stopped when jars ran out.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Resurrection power associated with Elisha, echoing his earlier restoration of the Shunammite's son.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God hears Israel's cry to prevent their enemies from blasphemously boasting in their triumph.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Law demanding the complete destruction of pagan groves, which Israel dangerously disobeyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details the specific 'sins of Jeroboam' (calf worship at Dan and Bethel) Jehoahaz followed.
Supported by JFB