2 Kings13
New Living Translation
1Jehoahaz son of Jehu began to rule over Israel in the twenty-third year of King Joash’s reign in Judah. He reigned in Samaria seventeen years.
2But he did what was evil in the Lord’s sight. He followed the example of Jeroboam son of Nebat, continuing the sins that Jeroboam had led Israel to commit.
3So the Lord was very angry with Israel, and he allowed King Hazael of Aram and his son Ben-hadad to defeat them repeatedly.
4Then Jehoahaz prayed for the Lord’s help, and the Lord heard his prayer, for he could see how severely the king of Aram was oppressing Israel.
5So the Lord provided someone to rescue the Israelites from the tyranny of the Arameans. Then Israel lived in safety again as they had in former days.
6But they continued to sin, following the evil example of Jeroboam. They also allowed the Asherah pole in Samaria to remain standing.
7Finally, Jehoahaz’s army was reduced to 50 charioteers, 10 chariots, and 10,000 foot soldiers. The king of Aram had killed the others, trampling them like dust under his feet.
8The rest of the events in Jehoahaz’s reign—everything he did and the extent of his power—are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Israel.
9When Jehoahaz died, he was buried in Samaria. Then his son Jehoash became the next king.
10Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began to rule over Israel in the thirty-seventh year of King Joash’s reign in Judah. He reigned in Samaria sixteen years.
11But he did what was evil in the Lord’s sight. He refused to turn from the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had led Israel to commit.
12The rest of the events in Jehoash’s reign and everything he did, including the extent of his power and his war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Israel.
13When Jehoash died, he was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. Then his son Jeroboam II became the next king.
14When Elisha was in his last illness, King Jehoash of Israel visited him and wept over him. “My father! My father! I see the chariots and charioteers of Israel!” he cried.
15Elisha told him, “Get a bow and some arrows.” And the king did as he was told.
16Elisha told him, “Put your hand on the bow,” and Elisha laid his own hands on the king’s hands.
17Then he commanded, “Open that eastern window,” and he opened it. Then he said, “Shoot!” So he shot an arrow. Elisha proclaimed, “This is the Lord’s arrow, an arrow of victory over Aram, for you will completely conquer the Arameans at Aphek.”
18Then he said, “Now pick up the other arrows and strike them against the ground.” So the king picked them up and struck the ground three times.
19But the man of God was angry with him. “You should have struck the ground five or six times!” he exclaimed. “Then you would have beaten Aram until it was entirely destroyed. Now you will be victorious only three times.”
20Then Elisha died and was buried. Groups of Moabite raiders used to invade the land each spring.
21Once when some Israelites were burying a man, they spied a band of these raiders. So they hastily threw the corpse into the tomb of Elisha and fled. But as soon as the body touched Elisha’s bones, the dead man revived and jumped to his feet!
22King Hazael of Aram had oppressed Israel during the entire reign of King Jehoahaz.
23But the Lord was gracious and merciful to the people of Israel, and they were not totally destroyed. He pitied them because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. And to this day he still has not completely destroyed them or banished them from his presence.
24King Hazael of Aram died, and his son Ben-hadad became the next king.
25Then Jehoash son of Jehoahaz recaptured from Ben-hadad son of Hazael the towns that had been taken from Jehoash’s father, Jehoahaz. Jehoash defeated Ben-hadad on three occasions, and he recovered the Israelite towns.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 13.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Reign of Jehoahaz. (1–9). Jehoash, king of Israel, Elisha dying. (10–19). Elisha's death, The victories of Jehoash. (20–25).
vv1-9
It was the ancient honour of Israel that they were a praying people. Jehoahaz, their king, in his distress, besought the Lord; applied himself for help, but not to the calves; what help could they give him? He sought the Lord. See how swift God is to show mercy; how ready to hear prayer; how willing to find a reason to be gracious; else he would not look so far back as the ancient covenant Israel had so often broken, and forfeited. Let this invite and engage us for ever to him; and encourage even those who have forsaken him, to return and repent; for there is forgiveness with him, that he may be feared. And if the Lord answer the mere cry of distress for temporal relief, much more will he regard the prayer of faith for spiritual blessings.
vv10-19
Jehoash, the king, came to Elisha, to receive his dying counsel and blessing. It may turn much to our spiritual advantage, to attend the sick-beds and death-beds of good men, that we may be encouraged in religion by the living comforts they have from it in a dying hour. Elisha assured the king of his success; yet he must look up to God for direction and strength; must reckon his own hands not enough, but go on, in dependence upon Divine aid. The trembling hands of the dying prophet, as they signified the power of God, gave this arrow more force than the hands of the king in his full strength. By contemning the sign, the king lost the thing signified, to the grief of the dying prophet. It is a trouble to good men, to see those to whom they wish well, forsake their own mercies, and to see them lose advantages against spiritual enemies.
vv20-25
God has many ways to chastise a provoking people. Trouble comes sometimes from that point whence we least feared it. The mention of this invasion on the death of Elisha, shows that the removal of God's faithful prophets is a presage of coming judgments. His dead body was a means of giving life to another dead body. This miracle was a confirmation of his prophecies. And it may have reference to Christ, by whose death and burial, the grave is made a safe and happy passage to life to all believers. Jehoash was successful against the Syrians, just as often as he had struck the ground with the arrows, then a stop was put to his victories. Many have repented, when too late, of distrusts and the straitness of their desires.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
יוֹאָשׁ: Joash, the name of six Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אֲחַזְיָה: Achazjah, the name of a Jewish and an Israelite king
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
יֵהוּא: Jehu, the name of five Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
2 Kings 13King Joash laments Elisha's departure using the exact words Elisha spoke at Elijah's translation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the 'saviour' given to Israel as Joash and Jeroboam II, who restored Israel's borders.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Amos prophesies judgment on Damascus for this very act of threshing Gilead with iron instruments.
Supported by JFB
God spared Israel from total destruction due to His ancient, gracious covenant with Abraham.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills Elisha's weeping prophecy to Hazael regarding the brutal oppression he would inflict on Israel.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the grove remaining in Samaria as the Asherah pole originally set up by Ahab.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The summary of Joash's reign and his war against Amaziah of Judah is repeated here.
Supported by JFB
Records Joash beating Ben-hadad thrice and recovering the cities, fulfilling Elisha's deathbed arrow sign.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the vivid, severe judgment metaphor of God's people being threshed like grain.
Supported by JFB
Incomplete obedience/faith limits blessing, just as the widow's oil stopped when jars ran out.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Resurrection power associated with Elisha, echoing his earlier restoration of the Shunammite's son.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God hears Israel's cry to prevent their enemies from blasphemously boasting in their triumph.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Law demanding the complete destruction of pagan groves, which Israel dangerously disobeyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details the specific 'sins of Jeroboam' (calf worship at Dan and Bethel) Jehoahaz followed.
Supported by JFB