2 Kings13
New American Standard
1In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu became king over Israel at Samaria, and he reigned for seventeen years.
2He did evil in the sight of the Lord, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, into which he misled Israel; he did not turn from them.
3So the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and He continually handed them over to Hazael king of Aram, and to Ben-hadad, the son of Hazael.
4Then Jehoahaz appeased the Lord, and the Lord listened to him; for He saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Aram oppressed them.
5And the Lord gave Israel a savior, so that they escaped from under the hand of the Arameans; and the sons of Israel lived in their tents as previously.
6Nevertheless they did not abandon the sins of the house of Jeroboam, into which he misled Israel; rather, they walked in them; and the Asherah also remained standing in Samaria.
7For he left to Jehoahaz no more of the army than fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten thousand infantry, because the king of Aram had eliminated them and made them like the dust at threshing.
8Now as for the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did and his might, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?
9And Jehoahaz lay down with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria; and his son Joash became king in his place.
10In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah, Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz became king over Israel in Samaria, and he reigned for sixteen years.
11He did evil in the sight of the Lord; he did not turn away from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, into which he misled Israel; rather, he walked in them.
12Now as for the rest of the acts of Joash and all that he did, and his might with which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?
13So Joash lay down with his fathers, and Jeroboam sat on his throne; and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.
14When Elisha became sick with the illness of which he was to die, Joash the king of Israel came down to him, and wept over him and said, “My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!”
15And Elisha said to him, “Take a bow and arrows.” So he took a bow and arrows.
16Then Elisha said to the king of Israel, “Lay your hand on the bow.” And he laid his hand on it, then Elisha put his hands on the king’s hands.
17And he said, “Open the window toward the east,” and he opened it. Then Elisha said, “Shoot!” So he shot. And he said, “The Lord’s arrow of victory, and the arrow of victory over Aram; for you will defeat the Arameans at Aphek until you have put an end to them.”
18Then he said, “Take the arrows,” and he took them. And he said to the king of Israel, “Strike the ground,” and he struck it three times and stopped.
19Then the man of God became angry at him and said, “You should have struck five or six times, then you would have struck Aram until you put an end to it. But now you shall strike Aram only three times.”
20And Elisha died, and they buried him. Now the marauding bands of the Moabites would invade the land in the spring of the year.
21And as they were burying a man, behold, they saw a marauding band; and they threw the man into the grave of Elisha. And when the man touched the bones of Elisha he revived and stood up on his feet.
22Now Hazael king of Aram had oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.
23But the Lord was gracious to them and had compassion on them and turned to them because of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and He was unwilling to eliminate them or cast them away from His presence until now.
24When Hazael king of Aram died, his son Ben-hadad became king in his place.
25Then Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz again took from the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Hazael the cities which he had taken in war from the hand of his father Jehoahaz. Three times Joash defeated him and recovered the cities of Israel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 13.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Reign of Jehoahaz. (1–9). Jehoash, king of Israel, Elisha dying. (10–19). Elisha's death, The victories of Jehoash. (20–25).
vv1-9
It was the ancient honour of Israel that they were a praying people. Jehoahaz, their king, in his distress, besought the Lord; applied himself for help, but not to the calves; what help could they give him? He sought the Lord. See how swift God is to show mercy; how ready to hear prayer; how willing to find a reason to be gracious; else he would not look so far back as the ancient covenant Israel had so often broken, and forfeited. Let this invite and engage us for ever to him; and encourage even those who have forsaken him, to return and repent; for there is forgiveness with him, that he may be feared. And if the Lord answer the mere cry of distress for temporal relief, much more will he regard the prayer of faith for spiritual blessings.
vv10-19
Jehoash, the king, came to Elisha, to receive his dying counsel and blessing. It may turn much to our spiritual advantage, to attend the sick-beds and death-beds of good men, that we may be encouraged in religion by the living comforts they have from it in a dying hour. Elisha assured the king of his success; yet he must look up to God for direction and strength; must reckon his own hands not enough, but go on, in dependence upon Divine aid. The trembling hands of the dying prophet, as they signified the power of God, gave this arrow more force than the hands of the king in his full strength. By contemning the sign, the king lost the thing signified, to the grief of the dying prophet. It is a trouble to good men, to see those to whom they wish well, forsake their own mercies, and to see them lose advantages against spiritual enemies.
vv20-25
God has many ways to chastise a provoking people. Trouble comes sometimes from that point whence we least feared it. The mention of this invasion on the death of Elisha, shows that the removal of God's faithful prophets is a presage of coming judgments. His dead body was a means of giving life to another dead body. This miracle was a confirmation of his prophecies. And it may have reference to Christ, by whose death and burial, the grave is made a safe and happy passage to life to all believers. Jehoash was successful against the Syrians, just as often as he had struck the ground with the arrows, then a stop was put to his victories. Many have repented, when too late, of distrusts and the straitness of their desires.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
יוֹאָשׁ: Joash, the name of six Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אֲחַזְיָה: Achazjah, the name of a Jewish and an Israelite king
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
יֵהוּא: Jehu, the name of five Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
2 Kings 13King Joash laments Elisha's departure using the exact words Elisha spoke at Elijah's translation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the 'saviour' given to Israel as Joash and Jeroboam II, who restored Israel's borders.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Amos prophesies judgment on Damascus for this very act of threshing Gilead with iron instruments.
Supported by JFB
God spared Israel from total destruction due to His ancient, gracious covenant with Abraham.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills Elisha's weeping prophecy to Hazael regarding the brutal oppression he would inflict on Israel.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the grove remaining in Samaria as the Asherah pole originally set up by Ahab.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The summary of Joash's reign and his war against Amaziah of Judah is repeated here.
Supported by JFB
Records Joash beating Ben-hadad thrice and recovering the cities, fulfilling Elisha's deathbed arrow sign.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the vivid, severe judgment metaphor of God's people being threshed like grain.
Supported by JFB
Incomplete obedience/faith limits blessing, just as the widow's oil stopped when jars ran out.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Resurrection power associated with Elisha, echoing his earlier restoration of the Shunammite's son.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God hears Israel's cry to prevent their enemies from blasphemously boasting in their triumph.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Law demanding the complete destruction of pagan groves, which Israel dangerously disobeyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details the specific 'sins of Jeroboam' (calf worship at Dan and Bethel) Jehoahaz followed.
Supported by JFB